时间:2024-04-23
王金鹏
八仙最早的文字記载见于唐代的《太平广记》,后经过民间广泛流传和历代诸多文人骚客的不断加工,到明代吴元泰创作的小说《八仙出处东游记传》才正式确定了八位仙人。
八仙,共七男一女,即汉钟离(钟离权)、张果老、韩湘子、铁拐李、曹国舅、吕洞宾、蓝采和与何仙姑。传说八仙游走于各地,惩恶扬善,劫富济贫,演绎了一个又一个美丽的传说,其中最著名的就是“八仙过海”的传说。
传说八仙赴王母娘娘的蟠桃盛会归来,在蓬莱的仙山琼阁上饮酒作乐。铁拐李提议:“我们何不乘着酒兴漂洋过海游玩一番呀?”众仙回答说:“正合我意。”为显示自己是神仙,不是凡人,过海时便各以自身宝器作为渡海工具。当八仙行至海中时,与龙三太子发生了冲突,双方各不相让,大动干戈。后经观音菩萨及时调停,双方才化解了矛盾,平息了事态。八仙拜谢了观音菩萨,便各持宝器漂洋过海去了。
八仙过海的传说不但留下了一段脍炙人口的山海传奇,而且被结晶成一句广为传颂的谚语——八仙过海,各显神通。人们对八仙无比喜爱,蓬莱有关他们的传说还有很多,十分丰富,如狗咬吕洞宾的来历、苏东坡访八仙、铜井的来历、蓬莱阁下的桥、天后宫唐槐等等。
八仙来自民间,是世俗社会不同阶层的代表,曹国舅是皇亲国戚,汉钟离是将军,吕洞宾是儒生,蓝采和是优伶,铁拐李则是以乞丐面目出现的官吏,韩湘子是年轻出家的富贵子弟,何仙姑则是民间妇女,张果老是一位老寿星,仙术无穷。八仙分别代表着男、女、老、幼、富、贵、贫、贱,他们蔑视权贵,同情人民,惩恶扬善,造福百姓。
八仙传说在民间广为流传,可谓家喻户晓,妇孺皆知。以“蔑视权贵,同情人民,惩恶扬善,造福百姓”为核心的八仙文化衍生品更是数不胜数,影响了一代又一代人。
The earliest written record of the Eight Immortals can be found in Extensive Records of the Taiping Era , a book in the Tang Dynasty. The myth was widely spread among the people and continuously revised by many men of letters in different dynasties until the Eight Immortals were officially designated by Wu Yuantai in the Ming Dynasty in his novel titled A Journey to the East by the Eight Immortals.
The Eight Immortals include seven males and one female, namely, Han Zhongli (Zhong Liquan), Zhang Guolao, Han Xiangzi, Li Tieguai, Cao Guojiu, Lyu Dongbin, Lan Caihe, and He Xiangu. Allegedly, the Eight Immortals traveled around to repress evil and encourage goodness and rob the rich to help the poor, leaving one beautiful story after another, among which the most well-known one was the legend of the Eight Immortals Crossing the Sea.
我们致力于保护作者版权,注重分享,被刊用文章因无法核实真实出处,未能及时与作者取得联系,或有版权异议的,请联系管理员,我们会立即处理! 部分文章是来自各大过期杂志,内容仅供学习参考,不准确地方联系删除处理!