A STUDY ON PRINTMAKING IN MING AND QING DYNSTIES IN CHINA

赵丽媛

Abstract：Ming and Qing Dynasties printmaking have a unique form of expression， color and content. This article focuses on the artistic characteristics of the woodcut New Year paintings in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Ming and Qing printmaking simple， natural， bold. Ming and Qing Dynasties folk woodcut New Year paintings of the composition of the pursuit of integrity， rich， symmetrical， so that the composition of the screen harmony and unity. It is worth learning for our absorption.

Keywords：Printmaking；New Year paintings；colors

中圖分类号：K248；K295.4 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1005-5312（2017）08-0277-01

Chinese Printmaking appear relatively early， the Han Dynasty portrait brick production process is： first carved with wood to form a concave， and then pressed on the wet brick wood， the formation of relief portrait. China Tang Dynasty invented the engraving printing technology. From the Chinese Song Dynasty to the Chinese Yuan Dynasty printmaking has a strong religious color. To the Ming Dynasty， into the great development period. Because of the loose policy of publishing， the development of space for the printing art， this period of the book if there is no good illustration is not easy to sell. In addition， as the literati painter involved in the production of printmaking， the emergence of the design and production of the division of labor， to promote the formation of print style.

In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties， many outstanding literati painters participated in the creation of printmaking. For the development of printmaking have a great role in promoting. Woodcut New Year paintings are particularly prosperous， the formation of Yang Liuqing， Tao Huawu， Yang Jia cloth three folk wood version of the New Year paintings production center. Later， due to the Qing Dynasty rulers to suppress the novel， opera and other popular books， many excellent carving workers have turned to folk woodcut New Year paintings. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties， lithographic printing of color woodplate printing technology， divided into two， a method is to outline the main layout， first printed on paper， and then attached to another board. Ming Dynasty use this method. Another way is to explicitly decompose the color on different versions， directly drawing different colors， and one step is to print the contours on paper. The latter was widely used in the Qing Dynasty. Chinese traditional wood watermarking technology is based on these technologies to create a new method.

Ming and Qing Dynasties folk woodcut New Year paintings of the composition of the pursuit of integrity， rich， symmetrical， so that the composition of the screen harmony and unity. Folklore New Year paintings of the artistic image of the pursuit of integrity， taboo is not complete. This form of composition is consistent with the traditional Chinese cosmology and life view. The perfect combination of folk paintings reflects people's good thoughts and feelings， aesthetic orientation to achieve a harmonious and unified art realm. In the color of the woodcut New Year paintings， the traditional Chinese cultural concepts and aesthetic concepts， philosophical ideas and ethical ideas have an impact on the use of color. In respect of the premise of color instinct， the color of folk painting is very special， the formation of the traditional color. On the one hand， people from the instinctive choice of color， red in the New Year is the most common color， because the red visual reflection in the human most likely to be affected by the visual nerve； the other hand， due to instinctive color impulses， breaking the community And the collective color effect of the region， there has been a new color. Therefore， for a long time Chinese folk painting has a more vivid color， with black， white， red， green， yellow， purple and other contrasting colors with the formation of the painting， the expression of ordinary people's spiritual experience. With the development of society and the exchange of Chinese and Western cultures， the color model of Chinese folk painting has been widely concerned and has been used in various fields.

Ming and Qing Dynasties， the formation of a number of unique style of the genre： Huizhou， Jian'an and Jinling faction， they constitute the main style of Ming and Qing Dynasty prints. The Ming and Qing Dynasties woodcut prints inherited the traditional Chinese painting decentralized perspective method， the painter according to the needs of the picture， free to move the point of view. The size of the object is not subject to space constraints， the proportion between things not subject to the real situation constraints. Sometimes the painting is more like a stage， highlighting the main body. In the carving， most of the works of the pursuit of clean， dense， beautiful.Jian'an printmaking， a wide range of content， including many opera legend. Jinling Printmaking art style is bold and very close to real life.

Ming Dynasty prints have rich content， in various forms to express social suffering， is very meaningful. In the history of Chinese Printmaking， the representative works of "Water Margin"， it clearly depicts a variety of different classes， different identities， different characters， praised the oppressed people's revolutionary struggle， in the dark night Ming period had a huge social impact. Late Ming social unrest， some patriotic painters with their own works to express angry feelings.

Ming and Qing printmaking depict real life， some of the works of the story to meet people's knowledge requirements， especially the historical story more strongly reflects the people's attention to political life. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties， the woodcut New Year paintings as a unique art form， it has a unique artistic characteristics， both from the form of expression， the use of color and content has a strong local folk color， but also reflects the traditional art of spiritual power. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties strong economy， to promote China's printing to a new wave of change. In the traditional culture， we inherit and not repeat， from the national folk art treasures， find a useful side. We need to have a wealth of knowledge accumulation， rich life experience， unique insights， used to perfect performance skills and personality. This is our pursuit and ideals.