时间:2024-05-04
徐训 林巧梅 周君 宋爽 江国富
摘 要:为实现对机械手的快速高精度跟踪,采用滑模变结构控制算法对机械手进行控制。针对机械手在趋近滑模面的过程中所存在的抖震问题,在基于模糊补偿的鲁棒自适应控制的基础上,设计了一种基于趋近率的自适应模糊滑模机械手控制系统,使得系统能更快的趋近滑模面,削弱系统抖震现象。基于Matlab/Simulink 仿真平台上搭建了机械手控制系统,仿真结果表明,加入趋近率能加快系统趋近滑模面,提高了系统的稳定性和跟踪性能。
关键词:机械手;滑模控制;自适应模糊控制;趋近率
中图分类号:TP241.3 文献标识码:A
Sliding Mode Control System of Manipulator
Based on Approaching Rate
XU Xun, LIN Qiao-mei,ZHOU Jun, SONG Shuang,JIANG Guo-fu
(Department of Engineering , Huizhou Vocational College of Engineering ,Huizhou, Guangdong 510023,China)
Abstract:In order to realize the fast and high precision tracking of manipulator, the sli ding mode variable structure control algorithm is used to control the manipulator. Aiming at the chattering problem of the manipulator in the process of reaching the sliding mode surface, an adaptive fuzzy sliding mode manipulator control strategy based on the approaching rate is proposed in this paper, based on the robust adaptive control with fuzzy compensation, so that the system can be more efficient fast approach to the sliding surface, weakening the chattering phenomenon of the system. A manipulator control system is built based on MATLAB / Simulink simulation platform and the simulation results show that the approaching rate can speed up the system approach to the sliding surface and then improve the stability and tracking performance of the system.
Key words:manipulator; sliding mode control; adaptive fuzzy control; approaching rate
由于机械手系统具有非线性、强耦合等特性[1-2],為实现对机械手的快速与精确定位跟踪,需要选择合适的控制策略[3-4]。滑模变结构控制在系统处于滑动模态时,具有较强的鲁棒性,因此适合做机械手轨迹跟踪[5-7]。滑模控制具有较强的鲁棒性,但系统的内部摩擦和外部干扰等影响,会给滑模系统带来较大的抖震。因此文献[8]针对具有参数不确定性和非参数不确定性的机器人的轨迹跟踪控制问题,采用平滑控制律消除了传统变结构控制系统中的抖振现象。文献[9]将外部扰动的内部摩擦分情况进行讨论,利用模糊补偿的方法分别对外部摩擦和干扰进行补偿,得到了基于模糊补偿的机械手鲁棒自适应控制策略。文献[10]提出了模糊增益调整的滑模机械手控制,通过模糊来消除系统中存在的干扰、摩擦及不确定项,用来抑制滑模系统中的系统在滑模面上的抖震问题。
但由于系统趋近滑模面时,滑模控制系统会产生抖震[11],所以本文在控制系统中加入趋近率,可以让机械手以更快速度趋近滑模面,减少系统趋近滑模面时带来的抖震,使其达到更好的控制效果。
4 结 论
通过对所提出的基于改进幂次趋近率的自适应模糊滑模控制方法的应用,公式推导验证了系统的稳定性。还改善了滑模控制中系统趋近滑模面带来的抖动问题,与传统方法只改善系统在滑模面的效果相比,在控制率中加入趋近率,系统能更快地到达滑模面。仿真实验结果表明,这种改进的幂次趋近率机械手滑模控制系统可以很好地抑制摩擦、扰动等非线性因素的影响,保证系统稳定且实现了对系统位置、速度的高精度的快速跟踪,同时针对系统趋近滑模面的抖震问题也得到了改善,因此该方法具有一定的现实意义。
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