博闻：博物馆寻宝之旅

杨艳

博物馆是城市的灵魂，是历史文化的宝库，也是我们认识过去、把握今天、探索未来的场所。走进博物馆，如同阅读一本厚重的历史教科书。现在，有一种旅行，叫逛博物馆。

在博物馆里“阅览”城市

作为文化和旅游融合发展的产物，博物馆兼具历史溯源、艺术观赏、旅游体验等方面的价值与功能，能够满足游客的精神消费，提升旅行幸福感。近年来，重庆博物馆事业蓬勃发展，有免费开放的，也有以“博物馆奇妙夜”等互动活动吸引大批游客。据统计，重庆市博物馆接待游客量逐年递增，走进博物馆正成为越来越多的外地游客“阅览”重庆的新方式。

现在，重庆已基本形成以中央地方共建国家级博物馆为龙头，国家一二三级博物馆和行业博物馆为骨干，国有博物馆为主体，非国有博物馆为补充的博物馆体系。过去一年，重庆登记备案的博物馆总数达到103家，接待游客逾千万人次。

值得一提的是，4月中旬，由重庆市文物局选送的重庆自然博物館的《熊猫时代—揭秘大熊猫的前世今生》和重庆工业博物馆的《百年风华—重庆工业发展史》，入围第十七届（2019年度）全国博物馆十大陈列展览精品推介终评项目公示名单。

丰富的文化宝库

打开博物馆导览图，馆藏丰富的文化宝库就呈现在眼前。重庆的博物馆涉及历史、自然、抗战、工业、民俗等多种类型。

重庆中国三峡博物馆是一座集“巴渝文化、三峡文化、大后方抗战文化、统战文化、移民文化”等为一体的，收藏、保护、研究、展示、传播综合性省级博物馆，是首批国家一级博物馆、中央地方共建国家级博物馆。馆藏文物丰富，是旅游重庆必到之地。

坐落于北碚缙云山麓的重庆自然博物馆，也是国家一级博物馆。主要展示地球演变、生命进化、生物多样性以及重庆壮丽山川。以系统收藏中生代各类恐龙化石标本为主要特色，深受青少年青睐。

重庆工业博物馆记录了重庆百余年工业发展历史，是全国唯一展示抗战时期工业西迁历史的博物馆。全面展示了重庆开埠后民族工业的振兴，以及为中国抗战、工业化进程、城市化进程作出的巨大贡献。

世界首座水下博物馆白鹤梁水下博物馆，采用无压容器对水下题刻进行原址保护，通过深入水下参观走廊的视窗，让游客领略白鹤梁千年历史人文风貌，相当震撼。

以红岩革命历史博物馆为代表，重庆还有一批具有革命历史馆藏特色的博物馆。位于南山生态带黄山风景区的重庆抗战遗址博物馆，是重庆现存规模最大、保存最完好的抗战历史遗址群。

重庆的博物馆具有强烈的地域特色。伴随着三峡工程文物保护工作的推进，巫山博物馆、忠州博物馆、夔州博物馆等10座库区博物馆应运而生，收藏了丰富的三峡库区出土文物。黔江区濯水古镇的“天理良心”文化展览馆以濯水古镇“诚信无价、一诺千金”的“天理良心”文化为主线，融入人文历史、商业文化、民俗非遗、地理风光等元素，全方位还原了濯水“天理良心”诚信文化，让游客充分感受到濯水古镇的纯朴民风。

作为重庆非国有博物馆的代表之一，重庆建川博物馆是抗战时期国民政府兵工署第一兵工厂所在地，依托抗战时期生产武器的防空洞而建成，藏品涵盖了抗战、兵工、民俗等类别。

科技让文博旅游“活”起来

无论是国有博物馆还是非国有博物馆，每一件藏品都记录着重庆历史文化的变迁。而互联网信息技术、数字技术、虚拟现实技术、人工智能技术等科技的兴起，又为重庆文博旅游插上了腾飞的翅膀。博物馆智慧化，不仅让文物“活”起来，更促使博物馆旅游产品更加丰富，体验方式更加多元化。

想要认识真正的重庆，把博物馆作为旅行必到的一站，山水之城的魅力尽在其中。

Reading the cities through museums

As a product of the integration of culture and tourism industry， museums have both the value and function of artistic appreciation， historical tracing， tourism development， and other aspects， and could deliver good cultural experience to and enhance tourists happiness. In recent years， Chongqings museum sector has seen prosperous development， offering various interactive activities， such as free visiting and “nights at museum” to attract tourists. According to statistics， the number of tourists received by museums in Chongqing is increasing year by year. Visiting museums is becoming a new way for more and more tourists to "read" Chongqing.

Chongqing has formed a museum system led by national museums jointly built by the central and the local government， with national first-and second-class museums and professional museums as the backbone， dominated by state-owned museums， and supported by non state-owned museums. In the past year， the total number of registered museums in Chongqing has reached 103， receiving tens of millions of tourists by person times.

The treasure houses rich in culture

Different cultural treasure houses will emerge as one unfolds the map of museums in Chongqing， which are rich in types， covering history， nature， War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression， industry， folk customs and other subjects.

Chongqing China Three Gorges Museum is a comprehensive provincial museum integrating collection， protection， research， display and publicity of the Bayu culture， the Three Gorges culture， the culture of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression， the United Front culture， the immigrant culture， and so on. It is the first batch of first-class national museums in China and national level museums jointly built by the central and local governments. Its rich collection of cultural relics makes it must-visit place for culture lovers.

Located at the foot of Jinyun Mountain in Beibei district， Chongqing Natural History Museum is also a national first-class museum. It mainly displays the evolution of the earth， life， biodiversity and the magnificent mountains and rivers of Chongqing. Featured by a systematic collection of Mesozoic dinosaur fossils and abundant vertebrate specimens in Western China， the museum is well received by a large number of teenagers.

Chongqing Industrial Museum， which has recorded the more than one hundred years industrial development history of Chongqing， is the only museum in the country to show the history of industrial westward migration during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. Its collection fully shows the industrial revitalization of Chongqing after the opening of the Chongqing Port to the outside world， and the great contribution made by Chongqings industry to the War， and the urbanization and industrialization of China.

The Baiheliang Underwater Museum， the world's first underwater museum， uses no-pressure containers to protect the stone inscriptions in situ. Through the highly impressive visit along the underwater corridor， visitors can appreciate the thousands-year history， culture and customs of Baiheliang.

Represented by Hongyan Revolutionary Memorial Museum， there are also a number of museums featuring the revolutionary culture in Chongqings history. The Chongqing Historic Sites Museum of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression， located at the Huangshan scenic area along the Nanshan Mountain ecological belt， is the largest and best-preserved relic cluster recording Chongqings history during the War.

Chongqings museums have strong characteristics. With the launch of the Three Gorges Cultural Relics Protection Project， 10 reservoir area museums， including Wushan Museum， Zhongzhou Museum and Kuizhou Museum， came into being， collecting rich cultural relics unearthed in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area.

The cultural exhibition hall of the ancient town of Zhuoshui in Qianjiang district is built on the "moral conscience" culture of the town， which is characterized by "integrity is priceless and promises are invaluable". It integrates the elements of humanistic history， commercial culture， folk customs， scenery， etc. to restore the "moral conscience" culture of Zhuoshui in an all-round way and enable tourists to experience the honest and unsophisticated folk customs of the town.

As one of the representatives of Chongqing's non-state-owned museums， Chongqing Jianchuan Museum used to be the site of the No.1 arsenal of the Ordnance Department of the government of the Republic of China during the War if Resistance against Japanese Aggression. The museum was built on the basis of a bomb shelter that produced weapons during the War. The collections exhibited cover categories including the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression， ordnance， folk customs， etc.

Science and technology bring the culture and museum tourism “back to life”

Be it state-owned museum or non-state-owned museum， each piece of the collection displayed represents the feature of a specific era， and records the changes of Chongqing culture. The Internet information technology， digital technology， virtual reality technology， artificial intelligence technology and other technologies have given Chongqings culture and museum tourism wings. In smart museums， cultural relics not only become more vivid， but also offer more possibilities for tourism products and better experiences for tourists.

If you want to know the real Chongqing， just make the museums as your first stops to explore the charm of the city.