重庆多式联运连通澜湄国家助力西部开放、跨国合作跑出“加速度”

贺煜

2020年2月20日，國务委员兼外交部长王毅在老挝万象出席澜沧江-湄公河合作第五次外长会后会见记者表示，加力打造澜湄流域经济发展带，以贸易联通为切入点，把澜湄合作与“陆海新通道”结合起来，加强基础设施互联互通，提升贸易和通关便利化，带动产能、跨境经济、工业园区合作，加快推进经济发展带建设，为澜湄合作注入新的强劲动力，将是下一步重点推动的合作之一。

地处中国内陆腹地、远离出海口岸的重庆，近年来，依托纵贯西北、西南的向南出海出境国际物流大通道—“陆海新通道”，实现自身开放，并带动、联动西部其他省区市共同发展，成为中国西部开发开放的新动脉，助力西部开放、跨国合作跑出“加速度”。

目前，重庆与湄公河国家的物流运输主要依托“陆海新通道”进行。“陆海新通道”包含国际铁海联运、跨境公路运输、国际铁路联运3种物流组织形式。经过近4年的发展，“陆海新通道”已上升为西部地区共商共建共享的国家性战略通道，形成了铁海联运班列、国际铁路联运班列、跨境公路班车3种主要物流组织方式，铁公水空多式联运有效串联起“一带一路”与长江经济带。

国际铁海联运从重庆经铁路至中国广西北部湾港，再经海运衔接中南半岛主要港口及国际航运网络，使中国西部到东盟的物流时间缩短三分之二左右，具有时效快、运量大、成本低的综合优势。2017年9月以来，已累计开行超过1700班，辐射92个国家和地区、220个港口。目前，铁海联运正积极创新探索冷链运输，湄公河国家的巴沙鱼、榴莲等海鲜、水果产品可通过铁海联运的冷链运输到达重庆，是重庆市民喜爱的优质食材。

跨境公路运输从重庆经中国广西、云南沿边口岸，覆盖缅甸、老挝、泰国、柬埔寨、越南等湄公河五国，并拓展至新加坡，具有时效快、“门到门”服务便捷的优势。2016年4月以来，已累计发运超过2800车次。目前，越南、泰国生产的电子、轻工等产品已通过跨境公路运输到重庆及中国西部其他地区，部分再经中欧班列辐射中亚、欧洲市场。

国际铁路联运从重庆经广西凭祥与泛亚铁路衔接，形成连通中南半岛的国际铁路联运网络，通达湄公河国家。目前主要开行重庆至越南河内线路，已累计发运130余班。随着中老铁路全线贯通和中泰铁路等启动建设，国际铁路联运将迎来新的重大发展机遇。

铁公水空多式联运有效串联“一带一路”和长江经济带

一组来自市政府口岸物流办的数据显示：截至3月22日，“陆海新通道”国际铁海联运班列（重庆—广西北部湾）2020年度开行了144列，已累计开行1724列，外贸货物货值累计约9.4亿美元，内贸货物货值累计约44.6亿元人民币;目的地已覆盖全球6大洲92个国家和地区的222个港口，运输货品包括汽车整车及零配件、建筑陶瓷、化工原料及制品、轻工及医药产品（饮料）、生鲜冻货等300余个品类。

多方合作共建朋友圈扩大至“13+1”个省区市

为扩大“朋友圈”，让“陆海新通道”真正成为西部地区融入“一带一路”建设的重要平台。重庆起草了关于通道合作机制的《框架协议》，渝、黔、桂、陇成为第一批签署协议的西部省区市，标志着通道共商共建共享的合作机制初步形成。随后，云南、宁夏、陕西、四川等越来越多的西部省区市相继加入共建机制。2019年10月，西部12省区市、海南省、广东湛江市在重庆签署框架协议，合作共建“陆海新通道”。

与此同时，周边国家也对“陆海新通道”表现出极大的兴趣。

2019年国庆前夕，中国驻越南大使馆、越南计划投资部战略研究院联合举办了“国际陆海贸易新通道—中越合作潜力与机遇”座谈会。越方表示，将积极参与“陆海新通道”建设，正在加快境内高速公路建设，规划铁路建设。同时，越方还提出将进一步发挥和完善老街口岸功能（中国对应为河口口岸），推动更多农产品进入中国内地、通过“陆海新通道”和中欧班列出口欧盟等建议。

On February 20， 2020， Chinese State Councilor and Foreign Minister Wang Yi met with the press after the 5th Lancang-Mekong Cooperation （LMC） Foreign Ministers' Meeting in Vientiane， Laos. He said， for the next step， efforts to promote the LMC will be focused on boosting the construction of the LMC Economic Development Belt by taking trade facilitation as an entry point and combining the Lancang-Mekong Cooperation with the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor; strengthening infrastructure connectivity， improving trade and customs clearance facilitation， promoting cooperation in production capacity， cross-border economy and industrial parks; and speeding up the construction of the economic development zone and injecting new strong impetus into the LMC.

Located in the inland of China and far away from the ports of entry to sea， Chongqing has in recent years realized its own opening-up by relying on the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor， a major international logistics channel that runs through the northwest and southwest to the south. It has also driven and helped other provinces， autonomous regions and cities in the west to develop together， and has become a new artery for the development and opening-up of China's western region， and helped to boost the opening-up of the China's western region and the acceleration of cross-border cooperation.

At present， the logistics and transportation between Chongqing and Mekong countries mainly rely on the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor that uses three forms of logistics organization： international rail-sea multimodal/intermodal transportation， cross-border road transportation and cross-border rail transportation. After nearly four years of development， the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor has become a national strategic corridor which is jointly built and shared by the western region. Three major forms of logistics have taken shape， namely， trains for rail-sea multimodal/intermodal transport， trains for international rail transport and trucks for cross-border road transport. The multimodal/ intermodal transport via rail， road， sea and air has effectively connected the Belt and Road Initiative and the Yangtze River Economic Belt.

The international rail-sea multimodal/intermodal transportation that starts from Chongqing and reaches Beibu Gulf port by rail and is then connected by sea transportation to the main ports of Indo-china Peninsula and the international shipping network shortens the logistics hours from western China to ASEAN countries by about 2/3， thus enjoying the advantages of shorter shipping time， larger loads and lower cost. Since September 2017， more than 1，700 rail and sea combined trains have been operated， radiating 92 countries and regions and 220 ports. At present， the rail-sea multimodal/intermodal transportation is exploring and innovating on the cold chain transportation which could bring high-quality seafood and fruits popular among Chongqing people， such as Pangasius hypophthalmus and durian， from the Mekong River region to Chongqing market.

The cross-border road transportation from Chongqing to China's Guangxi and Yunnan border ports covers the five Mekong countries including Myanmar， Laos， Thailand， Cambodia， Vietnam， and extends to Singapore. It has the advantages of greater efficiency and convenient door-to-door service. Since April 2016， more than 2800 vehicles have been operated. At present， electronics， light industry products and other products made in Vietnam and Thailand have been transported to Chongqing and western China by cross-border road， and some of them are distributed to the markets in Central Asia and Europe via China-Europe Freight Trains.

The cross-border rail transportation links up with trans-Asian railways from Chongqing via Pingxiang of Guangxi Autonomous Region to form an international rail multimodal/intermodal transport network connecting Chongqing with Indo-china Peninsula and all the five Mekong countries. At present， the main route is from Chongqing to Hanoi， Vietnam， and more than 130 operations have been realised. With the completion of the entire China-Laos railway and the construction of the China-Thailand railway， international rail multimodal/intermodal transport will usher in new major development opportunities.

Rail， road， water and air multimodal/intermodal transport

Connecting the BRI with Yangtze River Economic Belt with greater efficiency

Data from the Port and Logistics Office of Chongqing Municipal Government shows that by March 22， 144 trains had been operated in 2020 for the rail-sea link along the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor （Chongqing-Guangxi Beibu Gulf） while the total number of trains operated stands at 1，724 with a total value of goods for foreign trade of US$ 940 million and goods for domestic trade of about 4.46 billion yuan. The destinations have covered 222 ports in 92 countries and regions on 6 continents， and the goods transported include more than 300 categories such as automobiles and spare parts， building ceramics， chemical raw materials and products， light industrial and pharmaceutical products （beverages）， fresh frozen goods， etc.

Building the Corridor together through multilateral cooperation

“Circle of friends” expanded to "13+1" provinces， autonomous regions and municipalities

In order to expand the "circle of friends" of Chongqing and truly make the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor an important platform to integrate the western region into the Belt and Road Initiative， Chongqing drafted a "Framework Agreement" on the cooperation mechanism of the Corridor. Chongqing， Guizhou， Guangxi and Gansu became the first western provinces， autonomous regions and municipalities to sign the agreement， marking the initial formation of the cooperation mechanism of joint construction and sharing of channels. Subsequently， increasing numbers of western provinces and cities including Yunnan， Ningxia， Shaanxi and Sichuan joined the co-construction mechanism one after another. In October 2019， 12 provinces， autonomous regions and municipalities in the west， Hainan Province and Zhanjiang City in Guangdong Province signed a framework agreement in Chongqing to jointly build the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor.

At the same time， neighboring countries have also shown great interest in the New Land-sea Corridor.

On the eve of the National Day in 2019， the Chinese Embassy in Vietnam and the Institute of Development Strategy of the Vietnamese Ministry of Planning and Investment jointly held a symposium on potentials and opportunities for China-Vietnam Cooperation in the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor. Vietnam said that it would actively participate in the construction of the Corridor and was speeding up the construction of domestic expressways and planning railway construction. At the same time， Vietnam also proposed to further develop and perfect the function of the port of Lao Cai（port of Hekou on the Chinese side）， promote more agricultural products to enter the inland of China， and export them to the EU through the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor and China-Europe Freight Trains.