时间:2024-05-04
王慧慧
交流并不是人類的专属技能,动植物也可以通过化学物质互相交流。一项科学研究表明,真菌也有类似的能力,比如,蘑菇就能够通过电信号交流沟通。
1 Mushrooms on a log may each seem like quiet, separate organisms, but theyre actually the aboveground fruit belonging to a fungus (真菌),
connected to the large organism by a root network called mycelium (菌丝). Although mushrooms
may not seem very talkative either, a new study shows electrical signals traveling through their mycelium network could help the
organism communicate.
2 According to the research, some mushrooms can use electrical impulses to share and process information in their body. When signal activity increases, it creates complicated patterns that may function like words in human speech.
3 Previous research has found that mushrooms can send electrical signals underground through long, threadlike structures, which expand to form a network of mycelium. It works like nerve cells that send signals to other parts of the human body. Some studies have shown that electrical activity will increase when the mycelium of wooddigesting mushrooms touches wooden blocks, which may indicate that mushrooms can use these impulses to share information about food or injury.
4 In the new study, four species were analyzed. Researchers listened to the mushrooms chat using tiny electrodes(电极) connected to mycelium to measure the power insignal activity. Each result in the activity was organized into several groups and given a linguistic and information complexity analysis. The power varied in duration and length, with some lasting up to 21 hours. The electrical points resembled a human vocabulary of up to 50 words. However, only 15 to 20 mushrooms words are used frequently.
5 Mushrooms words are also similar in length to human words. The mushrooms word length averaged over the four species is 5.97, which is of the same range as an
average word length in some human languages. For example, it is 4.8 in English and 6 in Russian.
6 While the research shows mushrooms can produce patterns of electrical signals, theres no way to tell what they are talking about, if they are at all. While comparing the mushrooms electrical signals to human speech is interesting and notable, some researchers are skeptical. “Though interesting, the interpretation as language seems somewhat overenthusiastic and requires more research,” says Dan Bebber from the University of Exeter.
Detail 1. How did mushrooms communicate?
A. Through their roots. B. Through nerve cells.
C. Through their surfaces. D. Through electrical signals.
Gist 2. What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about?
A. The process of doing the research.
B. The language ability of mushrooms.
C. The meaning of studying mushrooms.
D. The result of communicating information.
Detail 3. What does Dan Bebber think about the study according to the
last paragraph?
A. It is of great significance.
B. It is interesting and notable.
C. It remains to be seen if its worthwhile.
D. It has brought a lot of different effects.
Inference 4. Where is the text probably taken from?
A. A science magazine. B. A health guide.
C. A research paper. D. A textbook.
Difficult sentence in the text
Some studies have shown that electrical activity will increase when the mycelium of wooddigesting mushrooms touches wooden blocks, which may indicate that mushrooms can use these impulses to share information about food or injury. 一些研究表明,當以木材为食的蘑菇的菌丝接触到木块时,电活动会增加,这可能表明蘑菇可以利用这些脉冲来分享关于食物或损伤的信息。
【点石成金】本句中,第一个that引导一个宾语从句;在宾语从句中,when the
mycelium of wooddigesting mushrooms touches wooden blocks为when引导的时间状语从句;which may indicate that mushrooms can use these impulses to share information about food or injury为which引导的定语从句,其中,that mushrooms...injury作indicate的宾语。
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