时间:2024-05-04
莫炎芬
讀后续写是近年高考试卷中书面表达的重要题型,要完成续写,我们需要先理解原文的情节,构建情境模式,而后完成续写内容。在续写的过程中,我们构建的情境模式需与原文协同,以确保续写的内容和语言风格与原文连贯、一致。目前我们在读后续写中存在的普遍问题主要是对原文的解读不够深入,这导致在续写过程中,续写内容往往会出现故事情节偏离主题、角色性格前后矛盾、伏笔未能回收、角色引入不当、时空前后混乱、结局模糊与价值升华缺失等问题。要避免这些问题,我们应从多角度解读文本。
【名师导学】
1. 解读角色信息。首先,我们要关注角色的性格特征。作者往往通过角色的外貌、行为、心理活动,甚至是角色形象的局部或细微变化来表现其独有的思想、品质、习惯、价值取向等。另外,我们要分析角色关系。在故事中往往会出现多个角色,这就需要我们在阅读过程中,准确地分析他们之间的关系。
2. 解读故事时空线。故事发生的时间、地点是故事发展的要素。我们尤其要关注时空的转换带来的情节变化。我们在阅读的过程中,可以在原文中画出所有时空信息。
3. 解读故事情节线。故事的情节线是故事发展的脉络,也是我们俗称的明线。情节线主要围绕故事的时间、地点、人物、事件、高潮、结局展开,我们可以在阅读原文的过程中画出关键的名词和动词来把握故事发展的过程和细节,也可以借助“故事山”或思维导图来分析故事的情节线。
4. 解读情感发展线。故事的情感线也称为暗线,关注角色的情感变化的过程和原因是解读原文的重要抓手。了解故事中主人公的情绪变化,有助于我们了解作者的写作意图和观点态度。由于作者多借助形容词、副词来表现人物的情感发展和变化,进而表情达意,所以我们在阅读原文的过程中,可以关注原文中的形容词和副词。
【案例导引】
I have recently completed my college degree. The last class I had to take was Sociology. The teacher was absolutely inspiring with the qualities that I wish every human being had been graced with.
Her last project of the term was called “Smile”. The class was asked to go out and
smile at three people and document their reactions. I am a very friendly person and always smile at everyone and say hello anyway, so I thought this would be a piece of cake, literally.
Soon after we were assigned the project, my classmates and I went out to a popular restaurant on a freezing March morning. We were standing in line, waiting to be served, when all of a sudden everyone around us began to back away, and then even my classmates did. I did not move an inch. An overwhelming feeling of panic welled up inside of me as I turned to see why they had moved. As I turned around, I smelled a horrible “dirty body” smell, and standing there behind me were two poor homeless men.
As I looked down at the shorter gentleman, close to me, he was smiling. His beautiful sky?鄄blue eyes were full of light as he searched for acceptance. He said “Good day” as he counted the few coins he had been clutching.
The second man fumbled with his hands as he stood behind his friend. I realized the second man was mentally deficient. I held my tears as I stood there with them.
The young lady behind the counter asked the shorter gentleman what they wanted. He said, “Coffee is all, Miss.” That was all they could afford to be able to sit in the restaurant and warm up. They had to buy something. They just wanted to be warm. Then I really felt it, a compulsion so great that I almost reached out and embraced the little man with the blue eyes. That was when I noticed all eyes in the restaurant were set on me, judging my reaction. I smiled and asked the young lady behind the counter to give me two more breakfast meals.
注意:
1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右;
2. 续写部分分为两段,每段的开头语已为你写好。
Paragraph 1:
I then walked around the corner to the table that the men had chosen as a resting spot.
Paragraph 2:
Several days later, our teacher learned the story.
三、原文中的丰富句式和巧妙用词
(一)丰富的句式
1. Soon after we were assigned the project, my classmates and I went out to a popular restaurant on a freezing March morning. 我们被分配到这个项目后不久,我和
我的同学在三月里一个寒冷的早晨去了一家很受欢迎的餐厅。
分析:作者和同学接受了老师布置的项目后,来到一家很受欢迎的餐厅,这样的餐厅通常应该是很多人光顾的,然而后面的poor homeless men光临时却无人欢迎。另外,该句交代了故事发生的天气状况——a freezing March morning,这样寒冷的天气背景为后文流浪汉来买咖啡以求一处取暖之地的情节埋下伏笔。此句中,soon after意为“不久之后”,后跟时间状语从句。
2. As I turned around, I smelled a horrible“dirty body” smell, and standing there behind me were two poor homeless men. 当我转过身,我闻到了一股刺鼻的体臭味,站在我身后的是两个可怜的流浪汉。
分析:a horrible “dirty body” smell说明了两个流浪汉让餐厅的其他人避而远之的原因,也更加凸显了作者主动帮他们买早餐的可贵之处。另外,standing there behindme were two poor homeless men为倒装句,强调了两位“不速之客”的到来,丰富了文章的句式。
(二)巧妙的用词
文章多处通过情感、心理和动作细节描写刻画人物形象和表达人物的内心活动,使读者身临其境。例如:
1. We were standing in line, waiting to be served, when all of a sudden everyone around us began to back away, and then even my classmates did. 我們正在排队等候服务,突然,我们周围的每个人都开始后退,甚至我的同学也后退了。
分析:back away生动地表现了众人对两个流浪汉的嫌弃。
2. I did not move an inch. An overwhelming feeling of panic welled up inside of me as I turned to see why they had moved. 我一动也没动。当我转过头来想看看他们为什么移动时,一种强烈的恐慌情绪涌上了我的心头。
分析:move an inch、an overwhelming feeling和welled up都十分生动形象地描写了作者当时的反应和情感的变化。
3. He said“Good day” as he counted the few coins he had been clutching. 他一边数着那几枚一直攥着的硬币,一边说“你好”。
分析:counted和had been clutching让这个流浪汉捉襟见肘的窘境跃然纸上,十分传神。
4. I held my tears as I stood there with them. 我强忍着泪水,和他们站在一起。
分析:held my tears刻畫了作者当时复杂的心情,既为他们的处境感到伤心,又要挺身而出,帮他们一把。
5. That was when I noticed all eyes in the restaurant were set on me, judging my reaction. 就在那时,我注意到餐厅里所有人的目光都聚焦在我身上,(他们)评判着我的反应。
分析:用all eyes in the restaurant were set on me来描写其他人的反应,正确且形象。
四、重视协同效应,利用问题链驱动续写
1. 语言协同:巧设问题链,分析文本语言特点。
问题链一:
(1)原文语言有什么特点?
(2)文中有哪些能作为伏笔的句子或好词好句?
通过阅读原文,我们可以体会原文中freezing、back away、welled up、clutching、all
eyes were set on me等巧妙用词,这些表达实现了对情感、心理和动作细节的描写。文中还有倒装句standing there behind me were two poor homeless men、现在分词作状语
all eyes in the restaurant were set on me, judging my reaction等表达。
分析原文语言风格,为了实现续写的语言风格与原文语言风格一致,可以使用准确的描写、倒装句、现在分词作状语、无灵主语来表达人物的动作和心理活动。
2. 情感协同:巧设问题链,解读人物性格及情感。
问题链二:
(1)核心人物“我”有怎样的性格特点?
(2)最能体现“我”性格特点或情感的句子有哪些?
(3)其他主要人物有何性格特点?
原文中,作者对自己的性格有明确的描写,比如:a very friendly person and always smile at everyone。最能体现“我”的性格特点或情感的句子有an overwhelming feeling of panic welled up inside of me、I held my tears、I smiled and asked the young lady等。其他主要人物的性格特点,通过他们在关键时刻的反应,就鲜明地表现出来了。
3. 情节协同:巧设问题链,构思情节内容。
问题链三:
根据续写第一段的段首句“I then walked around the corner to the table that the
men had chosen as a resting spot.”,可设计以下问题链,推动情节发展。
(1)“我”把早餐给两个流浪汉后,他们的反应如何?
(2)餐厅的其他人的反应如何?
(3)店家的反应如何?
(4)“我”的反应如何?
根据续写第二段的段首句“Several days later, our teacher learned the story.”,可设计以下问题链,推动情节发展。
(1)老师得知这个故事后会有何反应?
(2)“我”会怎样做?
(3)“我”的感悟是什么?
总之,巧设问题链可引导我们思考续写情节的方向,培养我们构思读后续写内容的能力。
【参考范文】
I then walked around the corner to the table that the men had chosen as a resting spot. I put the tray on the table and laid my hand on the shorter gentleman?蒺s cold hand. He looked up at me, with tears in his eyes, and said, “Thank you.” I leaned over, began to pat his hand and said, “I don?蒺t do this for you. I do this for all the kindness I received.” At this moment, the restaurant resounded with thunderous applause. Then the young lady came to me, returning my money, but I refused.
Several days later, our teacher learned the story. She called and invited me to make a speech for the freshmen. I told the freshmen we all had been helped by others in the past, and we all want the world to be a place full of love and kindness, so let?蒺s start from small things and start from ourselves. The easiest thing is smiling at all the people around us, no matter how they look, and lending a helping hand whenever necessary. Only in this way can we make the world more harmonious.
【模擬导练】
阅读下面短文,根据所给情节进行续写,使之构成一个完整的故事。
Lying in bed with my husband, Gary, then 50, we were recalling. I first met Gary at the yoghurt shop where I worked. He?蒺s cute, I thought, begging my friend to set us up. Tying the knot 18 months later, in 1988, we couldn?蒺t wait to start a family. Fast forward 31 years, we were now the proud parents of Matthew, 31, Andrew, 28, Alex, 25, Sophia, 21, and Samuel, 18. Our four eldest kids had flown the coop, and Samuel, in his final year of school, was preparing to follow in their footsteps. With six bedrooms, Gary and I wondered what we would do once we became empty nesters.
“Maybe we should sell the house,” Gary suggested. But over the next six months, we never got around to it. Furthermore, we were busy as foster carers, which we?蒺d done for the past five years. Though I loved every child who stayed with us, we had no plans to have any youngsters permanently. After all, we?蒺d raised five kids already.
Then, scrolling through Internet in January, 2019, I saw an article. “Seven siblings in need of a good home,” it read, beside a photo of the kids in their best clothes. My heart went out to their hopeful smiles. Reading, I discovered the children—Adeline, then 13, Ruby, 11, Aleecia and Anthony, both 6, Aubrey, 4, Leo, 3, and Xander, 2—had been in a devastating car accident six months earlier. Tragically, their parents had died and the youngsters had been badly injured. It was a miracle they?蒺d survived.
“We have to help them,” I thought, tagging Gary in the post. “Can we adopt them?” I wrote, expecting him to tell me I was crazy. With Gary working for the post office and me a lawyer, I knew we had the finances to make it work. And as the hours passed, I couldn?蒺t push the kids out of my mind. Who else would have the room to keep them all together? I wondered. It would be devastating if they had to be split up.
By the time Gary arrived home from work, I?蒺d armed myself with a speech ready to plead my case. But when I asked him if he?蒺d seen the article, his response left me floored.
注意:
1. 所續写短文的词数应为150左右;
2. 续写部分分为两段,每段的开头语已为你写好。
Paragraph 1:
“Yes,” he replied, calmly. “We should adopt them.”
Paragraph 2:
Now, we couldn?蒺t imagine our lives without them.
【评价导思】
1. 请归纳本文中细节描写相关的词汇或句子。
2. 文章使用了哪些灵活多变的句式?
3. 对比你的文章和范文,它们有哪些异同?
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