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聚焦 “疑问词 + 动词不定式”结构

时间:2024-05-07

李建高

动词不定式常与疑问代词what,which,who和疑问词副词when,where,how等连用,构成“疑问词 + 动词不定式”结构,在句中可作主语、表语、宾语等多种句子成分。

一、作主语

“疑问词 + 动词不定式”结构在句中可作主语,此时句子的谓语动词要使用第三人称单数。例如:

Who to get along with is important. 应该和谁相处很重要。

Where to hold the meeting is not known yet. 目前还不知道举行会议的地点。

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[当and连接两个动词不定式作主语时,谓语动词用复数。但若是两个疑问词加一个动词不定式作主语时,谓语动词则用单数。例如:

When and where to build the new library has not been decided yet.

何时何地建造图书馆还未决定。

二、作表语

“疑问词 + 动词不定式”结构在句中也可作表语。例如:

The puzzle is whether to give it up. 困惑是是否应该放弃它。

The question is who to depend on. 问题是应该依靠谁。

三、作宾语

“疑问词 + 动词不定式”结构在句中还可作宾语,常和该结构连用的动词(短语)有:show,learn,teach,tell,advise,wonder,know,discuss,remember,forget,explain,decide,find out等。例如:

Could you teach me how to cook fried noodles? 你能教我怎么做炒面吗?

I really don’t know when to hold the party. 我真不知道何时举办聚会。

You’d better find out where to put these pictures. 你最好了解一下应把这些照片放在哪里。

“疑问词 + 动词不定式”结构还常用作动词show,tell,teach,advise等的直接宾语。例如:

Sandy showed Millie how to start the online tour. 桑迪给米莉演示了如何开始这个在线旅游。

I can tell you where to get this book. 我能够告诉你哪里可以得到这本书。

“疑问词 + 动词不定式”结构也可用作介词宾语。例如:

She was worried about how to fill her leisure time. 她为如何打发她的闲暇时间而发愁。

We must first solve the problem of who to serve. 我们必须首先解决为谁服务的问题。

[★疑问词why不能用于“疑问词 + 动词不定式”结构。例如:

译:我不明白为什么必须马上行动。

误:I don’t know why to do it at once.

正:I don’t know why I must do it at once.

不过,why后面可跟不帶to的动词不定式,用以表示某动作是不必要的或无意义的。例如:

Why pay more at other shops?We have the best value.

为什么花更多的钱到其他商店去买呢?我们这里物美价廉。

另外,why后面不带to的动词不定式有时也可能是否定的,该结构常用来提出建议。例如:

You’re looking tired. Why not take a holiday? 你一脸倦容,怎么不休假呢?

★含有“疑问词 + 动词不定式”结构的句子常常可以转化为复合句。例如:

When to hold the meeting has not been decided yet. 何时举行这个会议还没有决定。

(= When we shall hold the meeting has not been decided yet.)

I don’t know how to improve my spoken English. 我不知道怎样提高我的英语口语。

(= I don’t know how I can improve my spoken English.)

The problem is where to find the financial aid. 问题是哪里去找财政援助。

(= The problem is where they can find the financial aid.)

★“疑问词 + 动词不定式”结构也可以作独立的问句。例如:

What to do next? 接下来做什么?

How to get rid of the trouble? 如何摆脱困境?][温馨提示]

即时演练:根据对话情景,从方框中选择合适的词构成“疑问句 + 动词不定式”结构填空。

[where, which, when, how, what, meet, buy, spend, do, choose]

A: Andy, the weekend is coming. I’m wondering (1) it. Do you have any good ideas?

B: Let me think. There are so many fun things to do.

A: So many fun things? Can you tell me (2) for fun?

B: Shall we go to the movies together?

A: Good idea! Do you know (3) the tickets?

B: Yes. We can buy them on the Internet. It’s much cheaper than buying them in the cinema.

A: OK. Are there any new films on?

B: Yes. Many new films have been on show this week. I’m sure you can find one you like.

A: I’m afraid I can’t decide (4) . Do you have any good advice?

B: Maybe we can decide it in the cinema this weekend. Then I can use my cellphone to buy tickets online.

A: All right. Please tell me (5) .

B: How about 9:30 am on Saturday?

A: OK. See you!

Keys: 1. how to spend 2. what to do 3. where to buy 4. which to choose 5. when to meet

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