时间:2024-05-09
【摘要】书面表达在高考英语全国卷中分值为25分,仅一道题却占总分近20%,是区分度最高的高考英语考题。由此可见,英语书面表达能力的提高对高考英语成绩起决定作用。
【关键词】高考英语题材;英语书面表达
【作者简介】许娅莉,李瑞丽,云南省个旧市第三高级中学。
党的十九大之后,教育改革及英语高考试题的重点放在了培养学生的核心素养上。英语的核心素养包括语言能力、文化品格、思维品质和学习能力四个方面。
2018年高考英语大纲对书面表达的要求是:要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。考生应能:1.清楚连贯地传递信息,表达意思;2.有效运用所学知识, 其不仅考查考生对词汇、语法、句型等的掌握能力,同时也测试考生的篇章组织能力、语言表达能力以及逻辑思维能力,属于较高级的直接测试,具有较高的效度。然而,这一考题却是大多数学生的失分最多的题,从而使得对这一考题的命题规律、对英语书面表达能力的专项训练方法和技巧的研究显得尤为重要。
一、英语书面表达命题规律
近兩年(2016-2017)云南省高考英语书面表达题材及话题
试卷 类别 题材 话题
2016全国III卷 提纲类 道歉信 因故不能赴约
2017全国III卷 提纲类 邀请信 邀请外国朋友加入校乒乓球队
通过分析近三年高考英语书面表达题材的分析研究,可以总结出以下命题规律:
1.书面表达试题均为书信/电子邮件体裁。试题围绕文化品格和思维品质素养,考查英语语言书面表达能力。所选题材情景真实,贴近生活,具有中国文化特色和生活气息,融入了我国的优秀传统文化。因为与我们熟悉的传统文化和日常生活相关,考生对这种作文会有一种亲切感。因此,对考生来说,如果对相关题材进行过必要的训练,就很容易进入写作状态,容易发挥出正常的写作水平。
2.高考英语书面表达命题逐渐转向外向思维。纵观近三年高考英语书面表达命题思路的变化,其可以清楚地感受到考题的话题更加丰富,命题思路逐渐转向外向思维考查,这体现了弘扬中华优秀传统文化、引导考生建立民族自信心的外向思维。这些话题的设置旨在说明,学习英语不仅是为了了解外面的世界,拓宽视野,更是为了展示我国的优秀传统文化和现代化建设的成就,让中国走向世界,让世界爱上中国!
二、高考英语书面表达的训练方法及技巧
下面以云南省个旧三中2018届高三学生高考英语书面专项训练为例,从试题分析、写作策略、常用句式、训练方法和步骤几个方面来展示高考英语书面表达的训练方法及技巧。
1. 2016全国III卷书面表达题。假定你是李华,与留学生朋友Bob约好一起去书店,因故不能赴约。请给他写封邮件,内容包括:
(1)表示歉意; (2)说明原因;( 3)另约时间。
注意:(1)词数100左右;(2)可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
主要方法及步骤(主要采取A、B两种方法进行训练)
方法A:
(1)道歉信的写法。
举例示范:
Dear Mr. Harkness,
Much to my regret I was unable to keep my engagement to meet you at the park gate. I fear you are displeased at my failing to keep my promise, but I trust you will forgive me. Let me explain. My mother suddenly fell sick early yesterday morning, and I had to send her to hospital.
I shall be obliged if you will kindly write and tell me when and where we may meet again. I hope to see you soon.
Yours sincerely,
Evelyn
(2)重点句式。
①道歉信中开头段常用句式和套话
I am writing this letter to express my regret…
I would like to give you my apology for…
②道歉信中结尾段常用句式和套话
Please allow me to say sorry again.
I sincerely hope that you will be able to think in my position and accept my apologies.
方法B:
方法B比A多了个作文模板
Dear ________(对象),
I am truly sorry that _______________________________(道歉的原因).
The reason is that ________________________________(介绍原因).
Once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience caused. Hope you can accept my apologies and understand my situation.
Yours Sincerely,
Li Ming
(3)前后效果对比:给学生25分钟当堂完成该篇写作,方法A学生的均分是15.1分,B的是17分。
對比同一学生D, 用方法A 与方法B的前后写作情况
Dear Bob,
I am very sorry to say that I cant together with you go to the bookstore . There are some reasons why I cant.
On the one hand, my teachers have much homework to we. It need turn in next day, I must to finish it .On the other hand, my sister have a fever. My parents are go out to work, so only I and she in our house now. I think I should to take care of my sister, she is so lovely that I cant see she crying.
Once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience caused. Hope you can accept my apologies. I am looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
教师点评:
短文基本完成试题规定的任务,整体而言,基本上达到了预期的写作目的,得12分。
Dear Bob,
I am truly sorry that I cant accompany you to the bookstore.
The reason is that I have to take care of my sister, she has a fever . Maybe she get her cold in the last night, she looks very hard . Besides, I need to finish my homework, which is like a hill .If I can not complete my homework, I will be blame by my teacher and parents. Finally, I want to make another and time to meet, I must accompany you to the bookstore.
Once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience caused. Hope you can accept my apologies and understand my situation.
Yours,
Li Hua
教师点评:
完全完成了试题规定的任务,达到了预期的写作目的,作者会运用非限制性定语从句, 表语从句,语言真切,得20分。
2. 2017全国III卷书面表达题。假定你是李华。你所在的校乒乓球队正在招收新队员。请给你的留学生朋友Eric写封邮件邀请他加入,内容包括:(1)球队活动;(2)报名方式及截止日期。
注意:(1)词数100左右;(2)可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
(1)主要方法及步骤(主要采取A、B两种方法进行训练)
方法A:给作文题目,学生自己审题,自己写。均分是11.94
方法B:分析作文题目,讲解模板,学生套用模板,重写。
(2)模板如下:
Dear Eric,
I am Li Hua.介绍背景…(高分句型)I know…,so Im writing to invite you to … and to be a member of it.
It is known that we can benefit a lot from… It can… and it can… (好处)As to the activities, we plan to…(活动安排一). At the same time, …(活动安排二) If you are interested, sign up
(报名,注册) on our school website before…(时间:月,日). I hope表达希望…
Looking forward to your joining us/reply.
对比同一学生E, 用方法A 与方法B的前后写作情况:
Dear Eric,
Our schools ping-pong team is recruiting new members. So, Im writing to express sincere invitation to you. Now, Im writing to tell you something about it.
To begin with, I will introduce you to our school ping-pong team activities, for example, to get up early tomorrow to exercise and practice table tennis for two hours, the last tournament before the final exam, and for the awards ceremony .More importantly, playing ping-pong can give us a good understanding of traditional Chinese culture and strong learning pressure. Last but not least, if you want join it, you can sign up by next Wednesday.
Id appreciate it if you can join us.
Yours,
Li Hua
教师点评:
该生基本完成了写作要点,但是一些语法结构或词汇方面的错误较多,得分11分。
方法B:
Dear Eric,
I am Li Hua.Our school ping-pong team is recruiting new members. I know you are good at play ping-pong, so Im writing to invite you to join us and to be a member of it.
It is known that we can benefit a lot from play ping-pong. It can let us relaxes and it can help us exercise body. As to the activities, we plan to us exercise playing-pong two hour every day. At the same time, the game is held at 2:00 every Sunday afternoon. If you are interested, sign up on our school website before next Monday
2:00 am . I hope you will accept my invitation.
Looking forward to your joining us.
Yours,
Li Hua
教師点评:
文章完成了题目要求的要点,能正确套用模板,出现几处表达错误的地方,但不影响文章的理解。得分20分。
三、结束语
总之,立德树人成为国家教育之战略目标,而核心素养的养成教育正是使这一战略目标得以达成的主要途径。高中英语写作能力的提高,取决于扎实的基础、写作方法和大量的写作实践。只要我们从实际出发,充分调动学生的学习积极性,创造良好的课内外语言环境,定能有效地促进学生写作能力的形成,改变学生写作能力薄弱的现状,有效地推动学生英语作文层次的提升。
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