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高中英语语法之省略现象

时间:2024-05-09

【摘要】英语中省略现象较为普遍,对省略的考查已成为高考中的热点。句子成分的省略,笔者认为可分为以下几种情况

【关键词】英语语法 省略现象 从句

一、状语从句中的省略用法

如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致,且从句的谓语含有be动词的某种形式(am/is/are/was/were),可同时省略从句的主语和be动词的某种形式。

e.g. If (it is) properly treated, waste will do no harm to the environment.

He was happy, though/although (he was) poor.

He rubbed his eyes and yawned as if/though (he was) waking up after a long sleep.

No matter how/However hard the task (is), we must fulfill it in time.

(注:让步从句的主语和主句的主语不一致时,只省略从句中的be动词形式)

以if从句为代表的状语从句中的特殊省略用法:通常省略了it is,that is,there is/are。

e.g. If (it is) possible/necessary, this old temple will be rebuilt.

If (that is) so, I will call you back at 5:00 pm.

二、定语从句中的省略用法

关系词的省略:关系代词that,which,whom等在限制性定语从句中充当宾语且不位于介词之后时,可以省略;in which或that在先行词way后作方式状语从句时可省略。

e.g. The man (that/who/whom) you have seen last night is my uncle.

I dont like the way (in which/that) you treat the boy.

三、虚拟语气的省略

当if条件状语从句中有were,had,should等时省略if,把它们提至句首,形成倒装句。

e.g. If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students.

= Were I a teacher, I would be strict with my students.

Suggest,insist,order,require,order, advice, command, request等表示建议、要求、命令的动词后接的从句中,谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。

e.g. The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose weight.

四、不定式符号to的省略

感官动词see,hear,feel,watch等和使役动词have,make,let等后接不定式作宾语时,不定式省略to。(feel,hear, listen to, have, let, make,leave,spot,see, look at, observe, watch)

do nothing but,cant help but等结构常接省略to的不定式。

e.g. We didnt do anything but stay at home watching TV yesterday.

Hearing the news, she couldnt help but cry.

在特定语境中为了避免重复,当不定式再次出现时,在want,wish,hope,try,plan,like,love,hate,plan,intend 后往往只保留to,而省略后面的动词。但不定式后有be,have时,也保留be和have。

e.g. My parents encouraged me to go to college, but I didnt want to.

五、So和not的替代性省略

用于避免重复前面所说过的内容,替代词so/not替代肯定或否定的名词性从句。可与believe,do,expect,fear,guess,hope,say,speak,suppose,think,Im afraid等连用。

e.g. – Do you suppose he is going to attend the meeting? – I suppose not.

六、日常交际中的省略

在情景会话中,答语常常省略不会引起歧义的主语、谓语或宾语部分,而只保留对方希望了解的内容。在复合句或并列句中,也有省略主、谓、宾的情况。

e.g.—How many copies do you want? — (I want) Three copies, please.

—Have you ever been to the Great Wall? —No, (I have) never (been to the Great Wall).

作者简介:廖玉香(1983.4-),女,汉族,江西峡江人,大学本科,中学英语一级教师,研究方向:高中英语教学。endprint

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