时间:2024-05-09
叶小容
(福建省福州第四十中学 福建 福州 350007)
传统的试卷讲评课总是老师一言堂,深怕遗漏一题或一个知识点。借助于电子平台或平时收集的数据分析,我们可以很轻易地识别学生易错题,把握住教学重点,避免教学盲区。同时数据分析还可以筛选出具体的学生名单,让我们的教学更加具有针对性。高三试卷讲评课堂依托数据分析,将充分提高试卷讲评课的有效性,同时打破传统思维,发挥学生观能动性,培养学生独立思考,创造,评价等高阶思维能力。
下面将以笔者在今年高三福州市第三次质检的讲评课为例来分析基于数据下的讲评策略。
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图4
2.1 讲评有所侧重。图一显示2班同学的完型,阅读,语法填空与1班都有一定的差距,那么在2班讲评时这3题将重点讲评。图2显示语法填空58,59,62三题得分率较低,这就要求教师在课堂上重点强调。为了让上课的讲评更加高效,笔者事先对学生的错题进行归因分析,例如58题考的是时态一般现在时,59题是多音节的比较级,62是固定搭配either…or.观察学生58题的答案remaining,remained,59题more pretty,62题 and,that等,得出结论学生基础语法知识掌握不扎实,语篇意识欠缺,导致时态、语态出错;固定搭配掌握不牢固,不会灵活运用介词、冠词。因此讲评时将会对这3个考点一般现在时,多音节比较级,固定搭配进行复习巩固,并让学生总结规律,举一反三,确保下一次不再犯错。
2.2 讲评要讲透。如果讲评只是蜻蜓点水,对对答案,或者只停留在翻译阶段,那么这样的讲评课是无效的,学生久而久之就会对英语课失去兴趣,因为他们觉得学不到东西。那么如何让讲评课也能让学生获取新知呢?关键在于讲透命题意图,解题思路,解题思维,并融会贯通,归纳总结。例如,从图4的数据分析,我们可知学生在B篇阅读25,D篇阅读34得分率是最低的。笔者在讲评前详细阅读文本,分析学生的错误选项,访谈学生的选项分析之后,发现学生这2题得分率低的共同原因是长难句分析能力偏弱。
25题 What kind of products would the author like to recommend?
A.Zero-cost B. Top-grade C.Non-breakable D.Well-packed
在讲评25题时,教会学生定位文章中关键句子“Companies rarely redesign their packaging to be reusable without also upgrading them to be healthier, safer and greener.”并着重分析该句子中“双重否定,rarely, without 表肯定”,从而意译为“in order to redesign their packaging to be reusable, companies need to upgrade them to be healthier, safer and greener. ” 这里的upgrade就对应了B选项的Top-grade. 教会学生解题思路后,再观察学生的选项,几乎每个占了1/4. 选择A的同学粗心地把Zero-cost看成Zero-waste. 选择C,D的同学则对原文理解不清。经过解题思路,解题技巧的点拨,错误思维和正确思维的比较,学生一定会对这道题印象深刻,并获得了长难句分析能力的新知,大大提高了做题的效率和正确率。
34题 How can we solve the problem of interstellar immigrants?
A.Through Earth-based linguistic policy.
B.Through adequate language-learning
C.By knowing the required language
D.By referring to informed rules.
34题的讲评同样也是和学生一起分析长难句“Given the certainty that issues such as whether they will be discriminated will arise, and the uncertainty if exactly how they will progress, we strongly suggest that any crew exhibit strong levels of linguistic training in addition to simply knowing the required language. ” 将重点落在strong levels of linguistic training,根据近义替换,就等同于B选项中的”adequate language learning”. 对学生选项的归因分析中,发现选择A,C,D的同学都是同一个思维模式,因为原文中出现了选项中的相关单词,所以就选了,并没注意到选项的张冠李戴,没有吃透长难句的意思。因此要教会学生看透另一个解题技巧,识别选项中的错误,如偷梁换柱,以表代里,以偏盖全等,和正确选项的特点,如近义替换等。通过解题思路,解题思维,命题意图的分析,学生并不是被动等待答案,而是主动思考,大大提高了讲评效率。
2.3 讲评要注重拓展延伸。讲评时如果只是就题讲题,学生的思维将受到禁锢,即使下次出现同样的题目,学生还会再次犯错。因此讲评时的拓展延伸,对试题的变式分析,能对高频错题再次巩固,并加深纠错意识,提高学生的解题能力。例如针对语法填空的讲评,笔者布置了以下变式任务,帮助学生拓展思维,提升英语学科素养。
变式一: 用所给单词的适当形式完成句子。
(1) Some years ago, researchers _________ (discover) something strange
on the mouth of a dolphin in Shark Bay.
(2) My husband and I ______ (invite) to attend a lecture yesterday.
(3)For example, most city parks are kept neat and tidy so that humans will find them _______(pretty) than before.
(4) The amazing thing about the spiring is that the colder the temperature gets, the____(hot) the spring.
(5) At first, people were afraid ______-the bats,
(6) Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure_______-offers a place where you can sit down to rest your aching legs.
目的:通过这样的练习促进学生对高频错题的认知,不断循环纠错巩固错误知识点,避免二次犯错。
试题变式二: 请给以下这篇短文设10个空格,并说明设空理由。
•Hello,everyone! Welcome to Yale!Today we begin a new academic year at a time of significant change. We are dealing with two crises: the COVID-19 pandemic and the racial inequality and injustice rooted in our country’s history of slavery that still face us today. We have all been affected by these challenges.
•I have been giving a lot of thought to Yale’s role in addressing difficult social issues. Much remains to be answered in this period, but what is certain is that the main mission of Yale is more relevant than ever.
•You will be studying with professors who use their knowledge and skills to remove the world. You will learn from your teachers how to analyze problems, think critically and communicate clearly. Along the way, you also will be encouraged to focus on yourself. Whether fighting a global pandemic or suffering racism, we must be willing to be open to changing our minds
•S0, please, use your time at Yale wisely. Let us devote ourselves to learning together. Let us use these college years to change ourselves. And let us work together on existing and coming challenges to create the world we desire.
目的:让学生站在命题者角度挖掘考点,体会常见考点和设题特点,提升感知能力和实际运用能力
试题变式三:仿写下列句子
•1. You will be studying with professors who use their knowledge and skills to improve the world. You will learn from your teachers how to analyze problems, think critically and communicate clearly. Along the way, you also will be encouraged to focus on yourself. Whether fighting a global pandemic or suffering racism, we must be willing to be open to changing our minds.
•你将会和老师一起学习,使用知识技能改变世界;你将从你的同学那学会怎样分析问题,批判性思考和清晰交流。一路上,你也会被鼓励聚焦于你自己。无论是为了大学梦还是精神成长,我们都必须乐意敞开心胸不断改变我们的思想。
•2. S0, please, use your time at Yale wisely. Let us devote ourselves to learning together. Let us use these college years to change ourselves. And let us work together on existing and coming challenges to create the world we desire.
•让我们全身心投入一起学习。让我们使用我们的高中岁月改变我们自己。并且让我们一起合作克服目前或将来的挑战为实现我们渴望的梦想。
试题变式四:仿写演讲稿
•假如你是李华,作为高三毕业生代表,你要在高一新生入学第一天发表演讲稿,表达对新生的欢迎和祝福。请你撰写一份演讲稿,内容包括:
•(1)对新生的祝福
•(2)面临的挑战和使命
•(3)殷切希望。
•注意:(1)词数在80左右;(2)开头结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
目的:迁移创新文本的情境,让学生运用原文演讲稿中的优美句式,在巩固中内化提升。
2.4 重视讲评后的追踪。讲评就到这节课结束,那么学生的认知也就停留在这节课,无法再拓展延伸。一张试卷的讲评如果没有后续的追踪,那么它的使用价值将大打折扣。笔者认为可以从以下几个方面进行追踪。首先针对个人强化薄弱项;从图3当中可看出,学生32-37等6位同学的语法填空成绩是不理想的,那么后续可以专门给这几个同学安排语法填空的练习,让他们进行每日一题,以达到对语法填空考点有一个规律性的把握,提升题感,强化薄弱项。其次,二次重写作文;作文在新高考中比重加大,意味着学生需要花更多的时间应对2篇作文。应用文讲评时,老师会把学生常见错误整理归纳,作文框架进行引导,作文美句进行传输。续写老师还会对文本进行深刻解读,续写要点清晰罗列,续写美句,优秀范文精彩展示。
总之,基于数据分析的高三英语试卷讲评课堂是灵动的,多样的。学生自主独立思考的空间加大,学生勇于探索问题,发现问题的思维品质得到提升,学生的课堂主体地位得到加强,学生的学习兴趣增强,学习氛围加厚。在新时代的教师,应充分利用大数据和人工智能应用的大背景,将数据分析应用于我们的课堂,充分发挥试卷讲评课的诊断、激励功能,从而提高英语学科教学的质量。
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