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浅析高考英语阅读理解的几个考点

时间:2024-05-10

【摘 要】

高考英语中,阅读理解的分值最大,难度最高。本文主要从以下几个方面来分析阅读理解的几个考点:关注比较之处,因果关系,转折关系。

【关键词】

  关注比较之处 因果关系 转折关系

在历年的湖北省英语高考试卷中,阅读理解分值是40分,所占比重较大。能够攻克阅读理解通常也意味着整个英语考试的胜利。因此,阅读理解是难点,更是重点。本文主要依据2014年湖北英语高考试卷来详细分析阅读理解中的几个常考考点。

1. 关注比较之处

文章通常将主体对象与其他事物进行对比性的描述,用以彰显其某些特征。比如E篇文章讲述的主体对象是电梯在城市发展中的作用。但在第一段却对比了电梯与汽车的不同功能,证明电梯在美国历史中的重要性——不次于小汽车。试卷原文是:Without the elevator, they point out, there could be no downtown skyscrapers or tall buildings, and city life as we know it would be impossible. In that sense, they argue, the elevators role in American history has been no less significant than that of cars. 学生只要抓住这一对比就能解答第68题:

The authors purpose in mentioning cars is ______.

A. to contrast their functions with elevators

B. to emphasize the importance of elevators

C. to reveal their secret war against elevators

D. to explain peoples preference for elevators

正确答案为B, 作者将电梯与小汽车进行对比的目的是为了强调电梯的重要性。

2. 关注因果关系

閱读理解中有些句子在逻辑上存在明显的因果关系,学生在通读全文时,要特别注意这一逻辑关系,很多题目都是针对这一逻辑关系中的因或者果而设置。比如A篇阅读是关于作者如何“对付”一个淘气的小男孩。该篇阅读的第52题Why didnt the author do anything about the boys bad behavior at first?

A. She didnt want to make it worse.

B. She didnt mind the huge mess at all.

C. She was tired of shouting and threats.

D. She hadnt thought of a coping strategy.

要找出这一题的答案,首先要找到作者与小男孩正面交流的过程—So I sat back down and kept quiet. Then he slowed down and began making a rocket. I talked to him about it. We continued like this for a few minutes before I slipped into the conversation: “so what happened today?” It was purely a question, no blame or anger in my tone. I believe that if I had criticized him, the gate that was slowly opening would have shut firmly closed. 文章的最后一句话用了虚拟语气,翻译为:我相信如果我刚才一开口就责备他,那扇缓缓打开的门——交流之门会紧紧关上,所以我说话的语气里没有任何语气和愤怒,与上文之间存在明显的因果因果关系。抓住这一点,学生就能正确解决52题,正确选项为A。

3. 关注转折关系

阅读理解中,作者为了强调某些观点,通常先做一些铺垫,然后通过转折关系以突出这些强调内容。从铺垫到转折必然要在结构上通过线索词汇表现出来。对于结构线索词汇的把握是对文章结构变化把握的关键,从而就能在不能很准确地把握文章意思的约束下,把握文章意思的变化和作者的意图。比如B篇阅读第一段:Londons newest skyscraper is called the Shard and it cost about 430 million pounds to build. At a height of almost 310 meters, it is the tallest building in Europe. The Shard has completely changed the appearance of London. However, not everyone thinks that it is a change for the better.该段在开头介绍了了shard的一些特色,却在最后一句话进行转折——然而,不是所有的人都认为这栋大楼是一个好的变化。学生抓住这一转折就能把握作者的主要意图,而且作者在文章的最后三段也呈现了人们对shard的批判,更加响应这一主题。把握好这一转折关系,学生们就能很容易解决第58题:Which would be the best title for the passage?

A. The Shard: Cheers and Claps

B. The Shard: Work of a Great Architect

C. The Shard: New Symbol of London?

D. The Shard: A Change for the Better?

正确选项为D项。这道题考查的是主旨大意。通常在第一段作者就奠定了文章的基调,抓住转折关系,能更准确地把握主题。

[1] 宗越勤. 掌握解阅读理解题技巧 决胜2010年英语高考[J]. 中小学英语教学与研究,2010(02).

[2] 杜平. 高中英语阅读策略与教学方法研究[J]. 中小学英语教学与研究,2002(03).

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