阅读中的词义猜测

一、词义猜测题主要的设题方式

1. The underlined word / phrase in the first paragraph probably means / suggests / refers to .

2. The word “...” in the second paragraph can be replaced by .

3. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the underlined word in the third paragraph？

4. Which of the following best explains the underlined word in the last but one paragraph？

5. The meaning of the underlined word in the last paragraph is related to .

二、如何在阅读中猜测词义：六大方法

1. Definition （定义法）

2. Example （举例法）

3. Word formation （构词法）

4. Similarity （相似法） & contrast （对比法）

5. Cause & effect （因果法）

6. Common sense （常识）

三、技法详解

1. Definition （定义法）

大家可以根据句中常出现的means， is， that is to say， or， or rather， namely， in other words等词或词组，分析得出正确的答案。例如：

1） A calendar is a list of the days， weeks， months of a particular year. （n. 日历）

2） It will be very hard but very brittle—that is， it will break easily. （adj. 易碎的， 脆的）

2. Example （舉例法）

大家要留意文本前后的 like， for instance， such as， for example， and so on， among them等词组。例如：

Many United Nations employees are polyglots： Mr. Jim， for example， speaks five languages fluently.（精通多国语言的人）

3. Word formation （构词法）

构词法包括派生（Derivation）、合成（Compounding）、转化（Conversion）。

这里是几个常见的前、后缀：ex前任的，以前的； macro 宏，大； anti反对，反； semi半，部分的； post后； vice副； ship身份，资格； ify 动词标志； ible 形容词标志； icy“具有……状态”，名词标志。例如：

The athlete cheated in the Olympic Games by taking some forbidden drugs. His behavior was a dishonor to his country. （耻辱）

4. Similarity （相似法） & contrast （对比法）

特别注意一下连接词because， otherwise， thus， similarly， on the other hand， instead of， by contrast， as a result， so that等。例如：

1） Most of us agreed， however， Bill dissented. （v. 不同意）

2） The new tax law supersedes， or replaces， the law that was in effect last year. （取代，替代）

3） That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day. （adj. 大的）

5. Cause & effect（因果法）

例如：

“They wanted a sterile （消毒了的） environment，” Theodore said， “They should have rented a room in a hospital， maybe an operating room. This hotel is clean， but it isnt that clean.” ... When Theodore asked the couple what the problem was， they said that their bedding was filthy and they wanted it replaced. The couple could not identify any specific “filth” on the bedding. The wife just said， “Were paying good money to stay here. How dare you doubt us？” “We know the filth is there. Thats all the proof you need.”

Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the underlined word in the above paragraph？

A. Clean. B. Dirty.

C. Smelly. D. Old.

【參考答案】 B

6. Common sense

When a doctor performs an operation on a patient，he usually gives an anesthetic to make him unconscious，because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him. （麻醉剂）

四、巩固习题

1. Some 2，500 years ago Greece discovered freedom. Before that there was no freedom. There were great civilizations， splendid empires， but no freedom anywhere. Egypt and Babylon were both tyrannies， one very powerful man ruling over helpless masses. （2015， 江苏）

What does the underlined word “tyrannies” in Paragraph 2 refer to？

A. countries where their people need help

B. powerful states with happiness

C. splendid states where people enjoy freedom

D. empires ruled with absolute power

2. The click of a button allows people miles apart to talk or to see each other without even leaving their homes. With the communication gadgets， such as mobile phones and iPads， people often do not take the effort to visit one another personally.

The underlined word “gadgets” is closest in meaning to .

A. tools B. messages

C. barriers D. skills

3. So trains are still one of the safest modes of transport； in 2013， 891 US fatalities were linked to rail travel， while 32，700 people were killed in highway accidents.

What does the underlined word “fatalities” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean？

A. Deaths. B. Rates.

C. Accidents. D. Carriages.

4. A socalled “smart drug” intended to improve cognitive（认知的） performance also seems to protect the brain from altitude sickness.

Even more people are visiting highaltitude sites for work， sport， religious pilgrimages and military can lead to cognitive effects， including memory loss and attention difficulties.

Theres little you can do to prevent these symptoms other than acclimatize—but this takes time and doesnt always work. A drug called oxiracetam might be the answer.

The underlined word “acclimatize” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to .

A. adapt B. interact

C. exist D. object

5. Already booked full， Donaldsons Simpsons class isnt meant to be taken as seriously， however. The lecturer says that his oneday course， which will pose philosophical questions around morality， free will， and religion by relating them to scenarios from The Simpsons， aims to introduce students to his area of expertise greatly while having a bit of fun.

What does the underlined word “scenarios” in the above paragraph mean？

A. Characters. B. Settings.

C. Twists. D. Plots.

【参考答案】 DAAAD

（作者：毛春霞，泰州市第三高级中学）