旅游业，自然美景杀手乎？

Imogen Foulkes

Everyone wants to see Europes most iconic mountain. But the crowds who flock to the 1）Matterhorn dont want just 2）pristine slopes and untouched nature. They want creature comforts too： warm restaurants， hot food. But who wants to run power lines through this landscape？ Not Zermatt. Its economy depends on this view.

Over a million people come up here every year， and its easy to see why. But making sure all those tourists enjoy themselves and protecting this unique Alpine environment can be a difficult balancing act.

Zermatt is one of the worlds wealthiest resorts， unrecognisable as the poor， isolated village of a hundred years ago. The town has won prizes for its work with solar power， and because it is car free. Only electric vehicles are allowed. But every year there are more hotels and more tourists.

人人都想看看欧洲最具标志性的山峰，但涌向马特洪峰的人们想要的可不仅仅是完好无损的自然景色，他们还想舒舒服服地享受这一美景：暖洋洋的餐厅，热腾腾的食物等。可谁会愿意在此美景中添上几条电线呢？策马特镇当然不想这么做，因为这一美景是当地的经济支柱。

每年都有超过一百万人来到马特洪峰，原因不言而喻。但在让所有的游客都开开心心的同时，又必须保护这个独一无二的阿尔卑斯山区环境，这确实是一件难事。

在一百年前，策马特是一个贫穷的偏僻小山村，无人知晓。如今，它是世界上最富裕的度假胜地之一。该镇在使用太阳能方面的努力，以及它的禁车措施，曾赢得多个奖项。在这里，你只能看到电动车。不过，每年这里都会有更多的旅馆建成，涌入更多的游客。

Eva-Maria Klay （Pro Natura）： The place is not sustainable to me at all. Every year we have about 18 new constructions of 6-story houses， and if they continue like that， in another 30 years there will be no space left.

So whats the answer？ A resort cant turn guests away， but it can， as Zermatt is starting to do， impose stricter building controls. Zermatts mayor wants a town that preserves some original charm and that works for locals as well as tourists.

Christoph Burgin（Zermatt Mayor）： I dont want that Zermatt is coming Disneyland or something like that， because we have to live here and the Zermatten have to live here， and the children has to be in…growing up in a town like a town and not only a tourism resort.

Zermatts dilemma is one many successful resorts face. Tourists bring in money， but too many of them， and the original charm could disappear. At least Zermatt knows its famous mountain will always be there， but the view around it has certainly changed.

伊娃-玛丽亚·克莱（环保组织）：在我看来，这个地方没有丝毫的可持续性。每年，都会新增加约18幢六层楼房，如果照这样下去，30年后这里就会挤得满满的了。

那这个问题该怎么解决呢？度假地不能把客人赶走，却可以实行更严格的建筑管制。策马特已经开始这么做了。这里的镇长希望能够保留小镇一些原有的迷人魅力，让本镇居民和游客都满意。克里斯托夫·伯金（策马特镇镇长）：我可不希望策马特镇变成像迪斯尼乐园那样的地方，因为我们还得继续住在这里，我们策马特人要在这里生活，我们的孩子也要……他们要在一个像样的镇里长大，而不只是在一个度假村里长大成人。

策马特镇面临的两难问题是许多成功的度假胜地也要面对的。游客给当地带来了经济收入，但如果游客太多，景点原有的魅力就会消失。不管怎样，策马特镇的人知道，那座著名的山峰会一如既往地耸立于此，但它周围的一切已经发生了变化。