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陈洪宇教授治疗IgA肾病的经验

时间:2024-05-13

祝凤桂  陈洪宇

[关键词] 陈洪宇;IgA肾病;病因病机;治疗经验

[中图分类号] R692.3          [文献标识码] B          [文章编号] 1673-9701(2021)21-0135-04

Professor Chen Hongyu′s experience in treating IgA nephropathy

ZHU Fenggui   CHEN Hongyu

Department of Nephrology, Hangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Hangzhou 310007, China

[Abstract] This article summarizes the experience of Professor CHEN Hongyu in the diagnosis and treatment of IgA nephropathy from the understanding of the history of doctors, etiology and pathogenesis, treatment principles, and treatment methods, and examples of medical records. IgA nephropathy′s etiology and pathogenesis were explored based on the knowledge of physicians of the past dynasties. Professor CHEN Hongyu proposed that the deficiency of both Qi and Yin is the most critical pathological basis for the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy.Qi stagnation, rheumatism,damp heat,and blood stasis are critical pathogenic factors.Cold pathogens, heat pathogens,wind pathogens, etc. are important inducements. Attention should be paid to the application of dispelling wind and promoting lung and relieving appearance, replenishing qi and nourishing yin, invigorating spleen and kidney, promoting qi, dispelling wind and removing dampness, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis in IgA nephropathy.The clinical practice proved that Professor CHEN Hongyu′s experience in the diagnosis and treatment of IgA nephropathy has a good effect,which can be used as a reference for colleagues.

[Key words] CHEN Hongyu; IgA nephropathy; Etiology and pathogenesis; Treatment experience

陈洪宇教授系浙江中医药大学附属广兴医院主任医师,博士生导师,从事临床教学科研工作20余年,擅长中西医结合治疗IgA肾病、急慢性肾炎、慢性肾衰竭、紫癜性肾炎、痛风性肾病、糖尿病腎病等多种肾脏疾病。笔者长期跟随陈洪宇教授门诊,发现陈洪宇教授治疗IgA肾病屡有良效,故将陈洪宇教授诊治IgA肾病的经验进行归纳总结,以飧同道。

IgA肾病是一组以IgA为主的免疫复合物在肾小球系膜区沉积,系膜细胞不断增殖活化,临床表现为反复发作肉眼性血尿或镜下血尿,伴或不伴蛋白尿、水肿、高血压的慢性肾小球肾炎。是我国最为常见的肾小球疾病之一,也是我国导致慢性肾衰竭、终末期肾脏病最常见的原发性疾病之一[1]。IgA肾病在诊断后5~25年内,约有15%~40%患者会发展为终末期肾病而不得不接受肾脏替代治疗[2]。目前IgA肾病发病机制尚未完全阐明,西医治疗包括ACEI、ARB、激素、免疫抑制剂等,目前尚无统一治疗方法。中医治疗IgA肾病颇有良效,故从中医论治IgA肾病越来越受到医家们的关注。

1 历代医家认识

古代医著中未见IgA肾病病名,根据其临床表现归为“尿血”“尿浊”“肾风”等范畴。最早可见于《素问·气厥论篇》:“肾足少阴之脉,起于小指之下,斜走足心,出于然谷之下,循内踝之后,別入跟中,以上腨内,出腘内廉,上股内后廉,贯脊,属肾,络膀胱。其直者,从肾上贯肝膈,入肺中,循喉咙,夹舌本……是主肾所生病者,口热舌干,咽肿上气,噫干及痛。”提出肺、喉、肾三者关系密切,外感风寒、风热等邪,可客居于肺,通过喉,沿肾经下流于肾,从而损伤肾络。李东垣[3]曰“脾胃气虚则下流于肾。”《素问·至真要大论》云:“湿气大来,土之胜也,寒水受邪,肾病生焉。”脾胃为气血生化之源,水谷精微化生皆仰赖于脾,脾主统血,为气机升降之枢纽,脾气虚不固则尿血,脾气虚不能运化,痰湿内生,壅于肾络,致肾络损伤,血不归经故尿血,另外可致气机阻滞,瘀血内生。《诸病源候论·血病诸候·小便血候》[4]载:“心主于血,与小肠合。若心家有热,结于小肠,故小便血也。”。心与小肠相表里,如心火旺盛,可下移于小肠,实热灼伤血络,可见尿血。《不居·集论血证》[5]载:“实火之血,顺气为先,气行则血自归经;虚火之血,扶正为先,气壮则自能摄血”。火有虚实之分,如为气滞气郁化火,行气为先,气行则火自灭;如为虚火,当以补气,气盛则能摄血。《素问·水热穴论》:“勇而劳甚则肾汗出,肾汗出逢于风,内不得入于脏腑,外不得越于皮肤,客于玄府,行于皮里,传为胕肿,本之于肾,名曰风水。”《诸病源候论》[4]:“风水病者,由脾肾气虚弱所为也。肾劳则虚,虚则汗出,汗出逢风,风气内入,还客于肾,脾虚又不能制于水,故水散溢皮肤,又与风湿相搏,故云风水也。”“风邪入于少阴,则尿血。”《证治要决》[6]:“有一身之间,唯面与双脚浮肿,早起则面甚,晚则脚甚。经云:面肿为风,脚肿为水,乃风湿所致。须问其大小腑门通闭,别其阴阳二证。”。医家们提出风在肾病中的重要作用,风邪可直接入肾,与湿交合,损伤肾络,出现血尿,可致肾失封藏,出现蛋白尿,风为百病之长,善行数变,可致肺脾肾水液气化失司,出现水肿。

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