时间:2024-05-13
王静
[关键词] 康复护理;小儿重症病毒性脑炎;症状/体征消退时间;生存状态
[中图分类号] R473.5 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701(2021)21-0170-03
Effect observation and clinical value of rehabilitation nursing in the nursing of children with severe viral encephalitis
WANG Jing
Endoscope Room,Taian Maternal and Child Health Hospital,Tai′an 271000,China
[Abstract] Objective To analyze the clinical value of rehabilitation nursing in children with severe viral encephalitis (SVE). Methods Fifty-eight children with SVE in the hospital from May 2018 to May 2019 were selected as the study subjects.Based on the lottery method,30 cases were included in group A and given rehabilitation care;28 cases were included in group B and received routine care.The time required for recovery of the symptoms/signs,and the survival status after one year of follow-up were compared. Results The recovery time of symptoms/signs in group A was shorter than that in group B,and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).After one year of follow-up,the survival status scores of group A were higher than those of group B.The total effective rate was 93.33% in group A and 64.29% in group B,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion Rehabilitation nursing for children with SVE can promote the recovery of symptoms/signs and improve the long-term survival status.
[Key words] Rehabilitation nursing;Severe viral encephalitis in children;Symptoms/signs subsiding time;Survival status
病毒性腦炎(Viral encephalitis,VE)是频发性中枢神经系统病症,其感染风险较高,且多发于小儿群体[1]。致病菌为病毒,病理表现为颅内突发性炎症,症状以意识模糊和高热为主。SVE的病情危重,可能导致患儿死亡。临床多通过降温和降颅内压等形式控制病情,目的是控制惊厥,恢复患儿的呼吸与神经功能。其治疗原则是早期干预、足量给药和短时间治疗[2-3]。但在治疗期间可能因护理不当导致远期伤残情况,影响患儿的生存状态。基于此,临床积极采取护理服务,目的是确保治疗整体化疗效,改善患儿预后。但常规化护理的针对性欠佳,且护理措施欠全面,未关注对患儿实行康复相关性护理[4]。因此,本研究选取2018年5月至2019年5月间来院治疗的58例SVE患儿,用于分析康复护理用于该病患儿的临床效用,现报道如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
患儿诊治时间介于2018年5月至2019年5月,共计SVE患儿58例。经实验室指标等确诊为SVE;临床资料相对完整;家属对研究知情而且完全同意;研究经伦理委员会审核以后准许开展。排除合并免疫与精神系统疾病;伴心肝肾病症;伴其他脑病和中途退出患儿。根据抽签法分组后,A组记录30例,男患儿比女患儿的数值等于14:16;年龄4~11岁,平均(6.85±0.71)岁;病程1~5 d,平均(2.65±0.42) d。B组记录28例,男患儿比女患儿的数值等于17:11;年龄3~12岁,平均(6.98±0.80)岁;病程2~5 d,平均(2.99±0.35)d。两组临床资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
1.2方法
B组予以常规护理,即健康宣教、给药管理、饮食调护和病情观察等,定期为患儿翻身,并进行降温护理。A组予以康复护理:①环境管理:病房内定时通风,合理调节湿温度,每日打扫病房2次,并在窗台摆放绿植,在墙上张贴图画。房间内配备电视,可播放电视或轻音乐,营造温馨氛围。②心理疏导:主动与患儿交流,对于小年龄段患儿可通过手势、语言相联合方式进行沟通。发现患儿有不良情绪时应给予抚触护理或是利用玩具转移注意力。指导家属关注患儿情绪,给予其理解,避免发火,使患儿产生抵触情绪。③语言训练:使用压舌板少量蘸冰水,刺激软腭以及舌根。指导患儿练习顶腭或是卷舌动作,改善口腔敏感度。引导患儿跟读单词,而后过渡到词语与短语,跟读后可自主复读。将患儿的复读情况进行录音,以评价其语言功能的改善度。指导家属主动与患儿进行亲子游戏,如做手指操或背儿歌等。大龄患儿可进行口头小作文练习,或复读一段文章。④四肢训练:活动肢体与关节,大龄儿童可主动活动。每日按摩患儿四肢,轻柔牵伸挛缩肢体,牵拉双下肢,以未出现痛感为牵拉最佳力度。四肢训练应循序渐进,每次练习20~30 min,频率为每日2次。⑤体位护理:睡眠时告知患儿保持平卧位,固定其头部,可在睡前进行按摩。若肌张力下降,则要按摩肾经以及风池穴。⑥呼吸训练:指导患儿咳嗽时憋气,或者进行深呼吸,避免气道堵塞。可用鼻吸气经嘴呼气,于呼气末做一吞咽动作,防止误吸。⑦面部肌肉训练:示范咬颌与鼓腮等动作,同时对患儿面部进行按摩,以活动面部肌肉。两组的干预时间均为1个月。
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