不同栽培模式对光伏大棚黑木耳产量及营养品质的影响

陈晓文 郭喜军 李富春 张蓉

摘要：为掌握陇中旱作区不同栽培模式下光伏钢架大棚黑木耳产量及营养品质的变化规律，提高黑木耳产量和品质。以黑木耳品种黑威15号为指示品种，在通渭县光伏基地光伏钢架大棚内对黑木耳进行立体吊袋、棚架层排、塑料袋地栽3种不同栽培模式的比较试验。结果表明，与塑料袋地栽相比，立体吊袋栽培、棚架层排栽培的黑木耳营养品质均有所提升，尤其以总糖、粗蛋白、粗纤维、可溶性糖、总氨基酸等营养成分含量提升明显。立体吊袋栽培表现更优，立体吊袋栽培的黑木耳总糖、灰分、粗蛋白、粗纤维、可溶性糖、总氨基酸等营养成分含量分别较塑料袋地栽提升了46.93%、36.48%、36.25%、68.49%、68.32%、15.89%，差异达显著水平。采用立体吊袋栽培生产时，黑木耳平均生长速度最快，为0.25 cm/d；成品率高，为98.5%；黑木耳原基形成时间和出耳周期短，分别为19、16 d；黑木耳子实体外观品质最优（单耳鲜重最大，耳片的长度和宽度最高），商品等级高；单袋鲜耳总产量、单袋平均干耳产量均最高，分别为1 071.4、85.3 g，分别较塑料袋地栽增加了473.4、26.9 g，增幅为79.2%、46.1%，增产达显著水平，且各茬次鲜耳产量分布最佳。综合考虑认为，立体吊袋栽培模式在陇中旱作区黑木耳生产上有良好的推广应用前景。

关键词：栽培模式；光伏大棚；黑木耳；立体吊袋栽培；产量；营养品质

中图分类号：S646.6；S625.2          文献标志码：A          文章编号：2097-2172（2023）06-0548-05

doi：10.3969/j.issn.2097-2172.2023.06.013

Effects of Different Cultivation Modes on Yield and Nutrients of

Auricularia auricula in Photovoltaic Greenhouses

CHEN Xiaowen， GUO Xijun， LI Fuchun， ZHANG Rong

（Tongwei County Agricultural Technology Extension Centre， Tongwei Gansu 743300， China）

Abstract： In order to determine the variation of yield and nutrient compositions of Auricularia auricularia in photovoltaic steel frame greenhouses under different cultivation modes in dry farming areas of central Gansu so as to improve the yield and quality of Auricularia auricularia， 3 different cultivation modes， i.e.， three-dimensional lifting bag cultivation， shelter cultivation and open-air cultivation using plastic bags， of Auricularia auricularia were carried out in photovoltaic steel frame greenhouses of Tongwei County to conduct comparative experiment using variety Heiwei 15 as the experimental material. The results showed that when compared with open- air cultivation using plastic bags， nutritive values in three- dimensional lifting bag cultivation and shelter cultivation were all increased to some extent with significant in creases detected in the contents of total sugar， crude protein， crude fiber， soluble sugar， total amino acids. Nutritive values in three-dimensional lifting bag cultivation were superior， in which contents of total sugar， ash， crude protein， crude fiber， soluble sugar and total amino acids were significantly increased by 46.93 %， 36.48 %， 36.25%， 68.49%， 68.32% and 15.89%， respectively when compared with those of open-air cultivation using plastic bags. The average growth rate of Auricularia auricula was the fastest in three-dimensional lifting bag cultivation， which was 0.25 cm/d with the high rate of product reaching 98.5%， the formation time and ear-emergence period of Auricularia auriculata were shorter in this cultivation mode which were 19 d and 16 d， respectively， the appearance quality of Auricularia auricula fruiting body was the best in this cultivation mode （the fresh weight of single piece was the largest， the length and width of pieces were the highest）， and the commodity grade was high. The yield was the highest in three- dimensional lifting bag cultivation， the total yield of single bag fresh yield and the average dry yield of single bag were the highest， which were 1 071.4 g and 85.3 g， respectively， which were 473.4 g and 26.9 g higher than those of open-air cultivation using plastic bags， respectively， with an increase rates of 79.2% and 46.1%， respectively. The yield increase was significant， and the yield distribution of fresh black fungus in each stubble was the best. To sum up， three-dimensional lifting bag cultivation shows a good prospect of popularization and application in dry farming areas in central Gansu.

Key words： Cultivation mode; Photovoltaic greenhouse; Auricularia auricula（L.ex Hook.）Underw; Three-dimensional lifting bag cultivation; Yield; Nutritive value

收稿日期：2023 - 04 - 25

基金項目：陇原青年创新创业人才（团队）项目（111266609026）。

作者简介：陈晓文（1983 — ），男，甘肃通渭人，推广研究员，硕士，主要从事旱作农业技术推广与示范工作。Email：  406916378@qq.com。

通信作者：张   蓉（1976 — ），男，甘肃通渭人，正高级农艺师，硕士，主要从事旱作农业技术推广与示范工作。Email： zhangr1976@163.com。