时间:2024-05-24
熊正烨等
摘要:用掺入Ce∶YAG荧光粉的树脂封装蓝光LED芯片,研制可用于水下集鱼灯的大功率LED发光板,并系统地测量其电流、电压特性和发光特性。测量结果表明:输入电流较小时(小于0.5A),电流与电压之间的关系可用指数函数描述,输入电流较大时(大于2.0A),电流与电压的关系可用线性函数描述;LED发光板在450 nm处有发光峰值,为蓝光芯片的自身发光,在550 nm附近有较宽的发光峰,为封装树脂中掺入的Ce∶YAG荧光粉的发光;LED发光板的流明光效最大值接近120 lm/W,在输入电功率接近100 W时,其流明光效仍接近90 lm/W。
关键词:LED发光板;水下集鱼灯;设计;流明效率
中图分类号:O482.31; TN312.8 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1674-1161(2014)07-0028-03
相对于传统白炽灯和荧光灯,高亮度LED能耗更低、更环保,因此在显示屏背光源、医用仪器、移动通讯等方面广泛应用。高功率LED可以将350 mW甚至更高的功率集中于一个LED单元中。传统电光源的功率转换效率为10%左右,而高亮度LED的电光转换效率可高达15%~25%,需要耗散大量能量。如果这些热量不能及时散发出去,会导致LED的发光效率和发光寿命降低。因此,大功率LED灯光系统都配有相应的散热装置,例如LED路灯一般配备较重的散热装置。
在灯光捕鱼作业中,为提高捕鱼效率,人们用挂在船边的人造光源产生光场吸引鱼群。事实上,很多经济鱼类对这种视觉刺激有反应,会游向光源并在灯船附近聚集。按悬挂的位置,集鱼灯可分为水上和水下2种。水上灯常采用高亮度的金卤灯;水下灯则有多种选择,既可使用金卤灯,也可使用新型集鱼灯具,譬如LED水下集鱼灯。在此情况下,研制用于LED集鱼灯具的发光板,并对其发光特性进行系统研究。
1 LED发光板的设计及测量
1.1 LED发光板的封装
按设计要求,水下集鱼灯的光功率为1 kW左右,分成10片功率约为100 W的集成发光芯片。每片集成发光芯片由200个额定功率为0.5 W的LED芯片组成。发光板的电路如图1所示。
图1中,每个二极管都是一个LED芯片,200个芯片都被掺有Ce:YAG荧光粉的树脂密封;方片和椭圆片裸露在外,用于外接电源,方片接正极,椭圆片接负极。
集成LED发光板封装过程与标准LED封装过程基本相似:在绝缘导热基板上印上薄层黄铜,作为焊接点和导电线路,在相应位置焊上热沉,贴上LED晶片,焊接引线,最后用掺有一定量荧光粉的封装树脂密封整个发光板的发光面。封装完成后的LED发光板示意图(单颗LED晶片剖视图)见图2。
1.2 LED发光板的电流、电压特性测量
将正偏直流电压加在集成LED发光板的两接线端(图1中左右2个接线端,方片端接正,椭圆片端接负),逐渐增大偏压,同时监测流过LED发光板的电流。
1.3 LED发光板的发光特性测量
使用浙大三色SPR-600恒温积分球和SPR-3000快速光谱辐射分析仪组成光度测量系统,测量LED发光板的发光特性。将LED发光板固定在SPR-600恒温积分球中,通以直流电,以SPR-3000测量LED的发光谱和流明效率。在测量发光谱的同时,测量发光板的流明数。在此过程中,监测施加于LED发光板的电流和电压,以计算LED发光板的输入电功率。根据发光流明数和输入电功率计算出流明光效。
2 LED 发光板测量结果分析
2.1 发光片的电流、电压特性
LED发光片的电流与电压关系如图3所示。图中横坐标为施加于LED发光片的电压,纵坐标为流过发光片的总电流,圆点为所测电流、电压数据点。图2给出了通电电流较小(小于0.5 A)时和较大时(大于2.0 A)相应的拟合曲线。通电电流小于0.5 A时,通电电流I与所加电压U之间的关系可用下式表示:
由于所加电压为10个LED芯片上的电压降,所以式(1)中的U/10为施加于单颗LED芯片上的平均正向偏压;e为电子的电量;k为玻尔兹曼常数;T为室温,约为300 K;I0为反向电流,约为0.087 fA。
从拟合结果可知,当电流较小时,理想因子约为2;电流较大时,半导体的体电阻和引线电阻不能忽略,在电流大于2.0 A时,电流与电压之间的关系可表式为:△I≈1.18△U。即LED发光板引线等的综合电导约为1.18 Ω-1。
2.2 LED发光板的发光特性
LED发光板的发光谱如图4所示。从图4中可以看出:LED发光板在450 nm处有发光峰值,该发光峰为LED芯片自身发光;550 nm附近的发光峰为封装树脂中掺入的Ce∶YAG荧光粉的发光。由光谱辐射分析仪的色度分析系统结果可知,其色品坐标为:x=0.307 8,y=0.318 2;u=0.198 5,v=0.307 8;显色指数为75;色温为6 890 K。
输入电流和发光流明之间的关系以及输入电流与流明效率之间的关系见图5。图5中,圆圈表示流明光效,倒三角符表示输入LED发光板的输入电功率。从图5中可以看出,流明光效在输入电流约为0.4 A时达最大值,接近120 lm/W,虽然与LED极限发光效率还有一定差距,但仍高于常用电光源。当输入电功率接近100 W时,流明光效仍能达到90 lm/W。综上所述,该LED发光板可用于制造大功率水下集鱼灯具。
3 结论
为提高水下集鱼灯的性能,研制大功率LED发光板,并系统地测量其电流、电压特性和发光特性。测量结果表明:该LED发光板最大电功率可达100 W;输入电流较小时,电流与电压之间的关系可用指数函数描述,输入电流较大时,电流与电压的关系可用线性函数描述;流明光效最大值接近120 lm/W,即使在输入电功率接近100 W时,其流明光效仍不低于90 lm/W。
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参考文献
[1] YUNG K C, LIEM H, CHOY H S. Heat transfer analysis of a high-brightness LED array on PCB under different placement
configurations[J]. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer,2014(53):79-86.
[2] CHEN WEI, SHEN HUI, DING KONGXIAN, et al. The Optimal Design of Solar LED Street Lamp lighting System[J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni,2005, 44(S2):95-98.
[3] TANG YONG, DING XINRUI, YU BINHAI, et al. A high power LED device with chips directly mounted on heat pipes[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2014(66):632-639.
[4] MARCHESAN M, SPOTO M, VERGINELLA L, et al. Behavioural effects of artificial light on fish species of commercial interest[J].Fish, Res,2005(73):171-185.
[5] CHOI S, ARAKAWA H. Relationship between the catch of squid, Todarodes pacificus Steenstrup, according to the jigging depth of hooks and underwater illumination in squid jigging boat[J]. J. Kor. Fish. Soc, 2001(34):624-631.
[6] CHEN QINGXIANG, XIONG ZHENGYE, TAN ZHONGMING, et al. Comparison between the catches(Trachurus japonicas andDecapterus maruadsi) around two LED lamps[J]. South China Fisheries Science,2013,9(3):80-84.
[7] CHITNIS A, KUMAR A, SHATALOV M, et al. High-quality p╞n junctions with quaternary AlInGaN/InGaN quantum wells[J]. Appl.Phys. Lett, 2000(77):3800-3802.
[8] NAMVAR E, FATTAHI M. Interference effects on the photoluminescence spectrum of GaN/InxGa1-xN single quantum well structures [J]. Journal of Luminescence,2008(128):155-160.
[9] NISHIURA S, TANABE S, FUJIOKA K, et al. Properties of transparent Ce:YAG ceramic phosphors for white LED[J].Optical Materials,2011(33):688-691.
[10] CHU MINGHUI, WU QING, WANG JIAN, et al. Calculation of Theoretical Limitation of Lumen Efficiency for White LED[J] Chin. J. Lumin,2009,30(1):77-80.
参考文献
[1] YUNG K C, LIEM H, CHOY H S. Heat transfer analysis of a high-brightness LED array on PCB under different placement
configurations[J]. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer,2014(53):79-86.
[2] CHEN WEI, SHEN HUI, DING KONGXIAN, et al. The Optimal Design of Solar LED Street Lamp lighting System[J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni,2005, 44(S2):95-98.
[3] TANG YONG, DING XINRUI, YU BINHAI, et al. A high power LED device with chips directly mounted on heat pipes[J].Applied Thermal Engineering,2014(66):632-639.
[4] MARCHESAN M, SPOTO M, VERGINELLA L, et al. Behavioural effects of artificial light on fish species of commercial interest[J].Fish, Res,2005(73):171-185.
[5] CHOI S, ARAKAWA H. Relationship between the catch of squid, Todarodes pacificus Steenstrup, according to the jigging depth of hooks and underwater illumination in squid jigging boat[J]. J. Kor. Fish. Soc, 2001(34):624-631.
[6] CHEN QINGXIANG, XIONG ZHENGYE, TAN ZHONGMING, et al. Comparison between the catches(Trachurus japonicas andDecapterus maruadsi) around two LED lamps[J]. South China Fisheries Science,2013,9(3):80-84.
[7] CHITNIS A, KUMAR A, SHATALOV M, et al. High-quality p╞n junctions with quaternary AlInGaN/InGaN quantum wells[J]. Appl.Phys. Lett, 2000(77):3800-3802.
[8] NAMVAR E, FATTAHI M. Interference effects on the photoluminescence spectrum of GaN/InxGa1-xN single quantum well structures [J]. Journal of Luminescence,2008(128):155-160.
[9] NISHIURA S, TANABE S, FUJIOKA K, et al. Properties of transparent Ce:YAG ceramic phosphors for white LED[J].Optical Materials,2011(33):688-691.
[10] CHU MINGHUI, WU QING, WANG JIAN, et al. Calculation of Theoretical Limitation of Lumen Efficiency for White LED[J] Chin. J. Lumin,2009,30(1):77-80.
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