How to Greate a Study Schedule 如何制定学习计划

胡杨

学习是学业成功的重要组成部分。然而，有时候很难找到合适的时间来学习我们所需要学习的每一科。要保证学习成功的方法之一是制定一个可靠的学习计划。然而，制定学习计划比我们想象的要困难得多。你不仅要优先考虑你的科目和课程安排，而且要平衡其它诸如和家人相处，和朋友聚会以及娱乐活动的时间。其实，只要稍加思考和一点点的工作，你就可以制定出一个学习时间表，从而满足你所有的学习目标。

Part 1 Creating Your Schedule

第一部分 制作属于你的学习计划

1. List all the subjects you need to study. The first step in creating your study schedule is to list all of the subjects and courses you need to study for. Putting your obligations1 on paper will help you get a better idea of what you really have to do. If you have specific exams to study for， list these instead of courses.

1. 列出你需要学习的所有科目。创建学习计划的第一步是列出你要学的所有科目和课程。把你的任务写在纸上可以帮助你更好地了解你真正需要做什么。如果近期你有特定的考试需要復习，那就把这些考试的复习内容都列出来替代课程。

2. Figure out what you need to do for each subject or exam. Now that youve written down all of the different subjects you need to study for， you need to figure out what you need to do for each course. While your time commitment2 for a specific class might change per week， chances are youll find out that over the long-haul3， youll need a certain amount of time per subject.

2. 弄清楚你需要为每个科目或考试做些什么。既然你已经写下了你需要学习的所有不同的科目，你还需要思考该做些什么才能学好这些课程。虽然每周你对某一特定课程的时间安排可能会有所变化，但从长远来看，每个科目都需要一定的学习时间。

If you have a study guide or a textbook with review sections， use it to narrow down what you list.

如果你有学习指南或者课本有复习板块的内容，那你可以用来缩减所列出来的内容。

Reserve time for reading， and reviewing your notes. Reserve time to create exam study guides， if youll need them.

预留时间阅读和复习笔记。如果你需要，可以预留时间来制定备考指南。

3. Prioritize4 your list. After youve made a list of all the subjects or exams you need to study for and figured out what you need to do for each， prioritize the list. Ranking each class in importance will help you figure out what subjects you need to devote the most time to and which subjects should get your best time slots5.

3. 事情按照优先顺序排好。在你列出了所需要学习的所有科目或考试的清单之后，思考并列出为了实现清单上的目标你需要做的事情，然后把列出的事情按照优先顺序排好。对每一类目标按重要性进行排序能帮你找出哪些科目需要投入最多的时间，哪些科目应该安排最佳时间段来复习。

Take into account difficulty of the subject or exam， the amount of reading you will need to do， and the amount of reviewing you will need to do.

重视学科学习或者考试的难度，你需要完成的阅读量，以及你需要完成的复习任务量。

4. Divide your available time during the week into study blocks. Before you go on， you need to divide up your available time during the week into study blocks. After you do this， you can go and assign your blocks to a subject.

4. 把你一周可用的时间分为不同时间段用来学习。在你准备制定学习计划之前，你需要先把你一周可用的时间分出不同的学习时间段。这样你就可以在不同的时间段安排某个学科。

The trick to creating a study schedule is to plan to study the same time every day so you actually have a schedule you can memorize without constantly checking. By creating a routine， youll build a positive study habit.

制定学习计划的诀窍是计划每天都在同一时间学习，这样你就有一个不用反复核对就能记住的时间表了。通过创建一个例行安排，你可以养成一个良好的学习习惯。

For example， you may be free 3～4 p.m. every Tuesday and Thursday. If possible， try to schedule your studying then， because a regular， set routine can help you get into a studying mindset6 and into one more quickly.

例如，你也许每周二和周四的下午三点到四点有空余时间。如果可以的话，把这些空余时间安排为你的学习时间，因为有规律、固定的例行安排可以帮助你进入到学习的固定思维模式，并且更快地进入到学习的状态。

Schedule study sessions in 30 to 45 minute blocks. Shorter time blocks are easier to find and to schedule than longer blocks.

在30到45分钟的时间段里安排学习任务。较短的时间段更容易找到，而且比长时间段的学习时间更容易安排。

5. Reserve time for non-academic activities. While blocking off time for each subject， you also need to make sure that you are reserving time for family， friends， and rest. This is because you wont be able to succeed at your studies unless you create a healthy balance between your personal life and your academic life.

5. 预留非学习活动的时间。在为每一门课程设定学习时间的同时，你也需要确保你预留了时间和家人相处，和朋友聚会以及自己的休息时间。这是因为，除非你在个人生活和学术生活之间建立一个健康的平衡状态，否则你无法在学习上取得成功。

If you only have a very limited amount of time before important exams， consider postponing or canceling regular social or extra-curricular activities.

如果你在重要考试前只有很有限的时间学习，可以考虑推迟或取消定期的社交或课外活动。

6. Prioritize studying for approaching exams. Divide all of your studying up into the limited amount of time you have and spread the material out over the time you have before a given exam.

6. 优先学习考试将近的学科。考试之前，把所有的学习任务划分到有限的学习时间里面去，并在这些时间表里罗列出所需要复习的资料，然后按照计划的时间复习对应的科目。

Part 2 Considering Your Schedule and Personality

第二部分 考虑你的计划以及个性

1. Assess your current schedule. Your first step in creating a study schedule is to assess your current schedule and the way you currently spend time. Assessing your current schedule will enable you to take a good look at how you use time and to help identify where you can be more efficient and what activities you might be able to cut.

1. 評估你当前的时间表。你创建学习计划的第一步是评估你当前的计划和了解你当前的时间安排。评估你当前的时间表将使你能够更好地认识到该如何利用你的时间，帮助你确定哪些地方你能更高效率地完成对应的任务，哪些活动是你可以适当减少的。

Determine how many hours a week you currently study. Determine how many hours a week you currently devote to entertainment. Determine how many hours a week you currently spend with friends and family.

确定你目前每周有多少小时用来学习。确定目前你每周娱乐的总时间。确定每周你与朋友和家人相处的时间。

Do some quick math to see what you could cut. People tend to find they spend a lot of time on entertainment， start there.

做一些快速数学计算，看看你能削减哪部分时间用来学习。人们往往会发现他们花了很多时间在娱乐活动上，从那开始削减。

2. Take into account your learning style. While figuring out how you spend time is one of the most important parts of creating your schedule， you also need to figure out how you actually study. Figuring out how you study can help you determine if you can have overlap7 in activities. It will also help you figure out how you can use time you dont normally use. Ask yourself a few questions.

2. 考慮一下你的学习风格。虽然认识到平时你如何进行时间分配是制定时间表的重点之一，然而你还需要弄清楚你实际上是如何学习的。弄清楚你是如何学习的可以帮助你确定活动中是否有重叠。它还将帮助你认识到该如何使用你平时没用到的时间。问你自己几个问题。

Are you an auditory learner？ Perhaps listen to recorded lectures or other audio studying material when driving in the car or when working out in the gym.

你是听觉学习者吗？也许在开车或在健身房锻炼时，听录音课或其他音频学习材料也能帮助你学习。

Are you a visual learner？ Can you put up pictures or watch videos to learn？ Try watching a video as a way to learn and as a way of entertainment.

你是视觉学习者吗？你可以通过贴图片或看录像的方式来学习吗？试着通过看视频作为一种学习方式，亦可作为一种娱乐方式。

3. Reflect upon your work ethic. Although you might design yourself an awesome schedule， your schedule will mean relatively little if you dont commit yourself to studying. As a result， you need to spend a little bit of time reflecting upon your work ethic. After doing so：

3. 反思你的学习态度。虽然你可能会为自己设计一个令人惊叹的时间表，但如果你不全心投入学习，你的日程安排将相对偏少。因此，你需要花一点时间来反思你的学习态度。这样做之后：

Plan your schedule based on how you think you will work. If you tend to lose focus and take a lot of breaks， build in extra time into your schedule.

基于你的工作方式来制定你的计划。如果你容易失去重点，不能集中注意力，需要很多休息时间，那就把额外的时间算进你的学习计划里。

If you know you have a very solid work ethic， provide yourself with the ability to complete work early. You might do this by creating an extra “bonus” spot in your schedule that you can use to get ahead on any subject you want.

如果你知道自己有很好的职业道德，就让自己能提前完成工作。你可以在时间表中创建一个额外的”加分”点，用于完成任何你想要学习的科目。

Part 3 Following Your Schedule

第三部分 执行你的计划

1. Make the most of your scheduled off time. One of the biggest challenges in following your study schedule is that youll be tempted8 to blow it off and instead do something relaxing， fun， or entertaining. However， you need to resist this temptation and instead make the most of your scheduled entertainment time.

1. 充分利用预定的休息时间。在执行你制定的学习计划中最大的挑战之一是你会试图摆脱它，取而代之的是做一些轻松、有趣的娛乐活动。然而，你需要抵制住这种诱惑，并且要充分利用你预定的娱乐时间。

Use your off time as a way of recharging. Taking a nap might help you. Going for a walk or doing some yoga might relax you and help you to focus when you need to get back to studying.

利用你的空闲时间作为养精蓄锐的一种方式。小睡一下可能会对你有帮助。当你需要重新回去学习的时候，你可以先去散散步或者做一些瑜伽，放松下，从而帮助你学习的时候集中注意力。

Make sure to get out of the house. Use your off time to go out away from your study space.

确保休息的时候离开你学习的地方。利用业余时间走出你的学习空间。

2. Take short breaks and stick to them. Make sure to take one break during each study block. However， this could present problems. One of the most important elements of following your study schedule is to make sure you abide9 by your schedule and only take the allotted10 amount of break time. Taking extra breaks or prolonging breaks can and will undermine your schedule.

2. 短暂休息一下，坚持下去。确保每次学习期间一定要休息一次。然而，这可能会带来问题。遵循学习计划最重要的因素之一是确保你遵守时间表，只在预定的休息时间休息。多休息或延长休息时间可能会打乱你的计划。

Take one 5～10 minute long break during your study blocks. Dont exceed 10 minutes. At the start of your break， set an alarm that will go off when your break is over. Use your break wisely. Make sure to use your break to refresh yourself. Take a stretch， go for a short walk， eat a small snack， or get pumped by listening to some music. Avoid distractions that could prolong your break.

在学习期间休息5到10分钟。不要超过10分钟。在你休息的时候，设定一个闹钟，当休息时间结束时闹钟会响。聪明地使用你的休息时间。一定要利用休息时间来提神。舒展一下身体，散散步，吃点零食，或者听点音乐来为自己打气。避免那些令人分心的人或事，那可能延长你的休息时间。

3. Stick to the schedule. The one hard-and-fast rule about making sure your schedule works is that youve got to stick to your schedule. Theres no point in making a study schedule if you dont stick to it.

3. 坚持进度。要确保你的时间表正常进行，一条严格的规则就是你必须坚持计划。如果你不坚持学习的话，制定学习计划是没有意义的。

Once youve established a routine， you may start mentally associating certain acts， such as the opening of a textbook or sitting down at a desk， with a study mode.

一旦你形成了日常习惯，你就可以开始在思维模式上将某些行为联系起来，比如打开教科书或坐在书桌旁，开启学习模式。

4. Tell others about your schedule. Sometimes our schedules are hard to follow because important people in our lives distract us from our goals. This is not done maliciously11， but just because people who care about you want to spend time with you. In order to avoid this， tell people in your lives about your schedule. This way， if they want to do something， they can plan around it.

4. 告诉别人你的日程安排。有时候我们执行计划表很难，因为我们生活中的重要人物会分散我们的注意力。这不是恶意的，只是因为关心你的人想和你在一起。为了避免这种情况，把你的日程安排告诉你身边的人。这样，如果他们想做某事，可以参考你的计划表来计划与你相处的时间。

Post a copy of your study guide on the refrigerator at home so your family can see it. Email a copy out to your friends so they know when you are free. If someone plans something during a study slot， politely ask them if you can reschedule for another time.

把你的学习指南复印件贴在家里的冰箱上，这样你的家人就可以看到了。发电子邮件给你的朋友，这样他们就知道你什么时候有空。如果有人在你学习期间计划某事，礼貌地询问他们是否可以重新安排时间。

Notes：

1. obligation n. 义务；职责

2. commitment n. 承诺，保证；委托；承担义务；献身

3. long-haul adj. 长途的；长运距的；长时间的

4. prioritize vi. 把事情按优先顺序排好；vt. 把……区分优先次序

5. time slot时间空档；（电视或广播电台的）播放时段

6. mindset n. 心态；倾向；习惯；精神状态

7. overlap vt. 与……重叠；与……同时发生

8. tempt vt. 诱惑；引起

9. abide v. 持续；忍受；停留；遵守 10. allot v. 分配；拨给；分派

11. maliciously adv. 有敌意地，恶意地