时间:2024-06-03
近几年来,高考英语写作试题中出现了不少应用文。有些应用文同学们也能写出来,但写出来的文章往往思路不够清晰,语言不太流畅和规范。通过对雅思考试多年的研究,笔者发现,大家只要将题目和一定的写作套路结合起来,就能够写出相对规范的应用文。下面以高考中比较常见的道歉信和咨询信为例,来看如何利用雅思小作文攻克高考英语应用文。
Dear Ms Barnes,
I am writing concerning (关于) the position of Assistant Office Manager that I am due to begin (应该接任) next Monday. I am afraid to inform you that a problem has arisen.
As you know, I currently work for my uncle's food-packing business, and you will remember from my interview that I have gained valuable experience there.
Unfortunately, he has had to go into hospital for an operation, leaving my aunt in charge of (负责) both the home and the business. She has asked me, as this is a particularly busy time of year, to stay on and help her with the running of the office.
I realise this will be inconvenient to you, but very much hope that, given the circumstances (鉴于这种情况), you would be prepared to allow me to take up (开始从事) my position with you two weeks later than planned.
I would like to emphasise that I remain very keen (渴望的) to work with you, and that I will be gaining further useful experience during this time.
I look forward to hearing from you.
Yours sincerely,
John Forbes
【分析】通过分析上面这篇雅思范文的结构,我们可以看出写道歉信的主要思路:总述—陈述原因—提出措施—结尾。由于这封信是写给未来雇主的,因此文体相对来说比较正式。在第一段的总述中,范文使用了句型I am writing concerning ...开门见山地说明写信的缘由,其中的concerning为介词,表示“关于”,相当于about。后面定语从句中的due to do sth.在此表示“应该做某事”。紧接着范文用I am afraid to inform you that表示转折,说明下周一无法按时接任助理一职。第二、三段开始陈述原因。范文用了unfortunately来衔接这两段,紧接着又用了现在分词短语leaving my aunt in charge of both the home and the business和as引导的原因状语从句来说明客观情况,同时也表明自己这么做也是情势所迫。第四段提出措施,作者用了very much hope that和较为正式的虚拟语气you would be prepared to来表示自己的诚恳态度。除了这个句型外,我们还可以用表示委婉和礼貌的句型could you please ...或I wonder if ...来表示请求。为了表示自己对这份工作的渴望和对未来雇主的歉意,范文第五段再次表示了自己的态度和诚意。最后作者用了期待对方回信最常用的句型I look forward to ...来结尾。通篇思路清晰,一气呵成。
【高考真题】(2014年高考英语北京卷书面表达)
你给英国朋友Chris写一封信,内容包括:1. 你们原计划7月份一同去云南旅游;2. 由于脚部受伤,你无法按原计划前往;3. 表达你的歉意并建议将旅行推迟到8月份。
注意:1. 词数不少于50。2. 可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。3. 开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
【分析】通过审题,我们看到文中有“由于……无法……”“表达你的歉意”等字眼,因此可判断要写的是一封道歉信,可以尝试利用上面范文的写作思路。
总述:开头段我们可以使用上面范文中的“I am writing concerning/about ...”。根据内容要点1和2可知,写信的内容是自己本计划在7月和朋友一起去云南旅游,结果由于扭伤脚踝,现在无法按原计划去了。此处可以借鉴雅思范文,先用I am afraid to inform you that引出问题,紧接着再简单介绍一下原因。
陈述原因:接下来可以具体陈述原因,比如“原以为自己能很快康复(recover),但是不得不去医院做手术”。我们可以借用范文里的分词短语,比如“自己的缺席造成没人负责朋友的旅游”就可以表达为leaving nobody in charge of your trip。
提出措施:根据内容要点3可知,措施就是“将旅行推迟到8月份”,此时可以用范文里比较委婉和诚恳的句型“I realise that this will be inconvenient for you, but very much hope that, given the circumstances, you would be prepared to ...”,也可以用I wonder if ...等相对简单的句型。范文第五段进一步表明了自己的态度,有能力的同学也可以发挥想象,比如“我非常希望和你一起去云南,届时我一定会为你安排一趟舒适的旅行”。
结尾:最后可以再次表示歉意,同时期待对方的答复。
【成品】
Dear Chris,
I am writing concerning the visit to Yunnan that we are due to begin in July. I am afraid to inform you that a problem has arisen. I had an accident and fell and sprained my ankle.
At first, I thought I would recover quickly if I just stayed at home. However, I have had to go into hospital for an operation, leaving nobody in charge of your trip.
I realise that this will be inconvenient for you, but very much hope that, given the circumstances, you would be prepared to allow me to go to Yunnan with you four weeks later than planned.
Please accept my apology for the delay and I look forward to hearing from you.
Yours sincerely,
Joe
Dear Sir or Madam,
I am organizing a trip for a group of students to pay a visit to the historical exhibition in your town. I am writing this letter to enquire (询问) about the following. First of all, what is the size of the exhibition, what is its theme and what objects are on display (参展物品)? Secondly, when will the exhibition be held and what are the daily opening hours (每日的营业时间)?
I must point out that I hope to bring some students over (说服) to the exhibition, so I would like to enquire if there is any discount available on entrance tickets (入场券) for students. I look forward to your reply.
Yours faithfully,
Li Ming
【分析】上面这篇范文是一篇典型的咨询信。咨询信的写作基本思路是:表明写信缘由—概括咨询内容—展开咨询事项—结尾。首先需要写清个人的基本情况,即“我”正在进行某项活动,在这项活动中产生了咨询的需要。接着需要对咨询的内容进行概括,范文中用到的句型I am writing this letter to enquire about ...比较常用,大家可以积累下来。接下来详细说明咨询的事项,如果不止一条,需要用firstly、secondly等表示次序的词标记清楚。在范文中,由what和when引导的五个疑问句分别对规模、主题、参展物品、参展日期和营业时间等要素进行了提问。如果需要对某方面进行强调,则可以另起一段,如范文中用point out表示强调,同时与文章首句相互呼应。之后范文使用了I would like to enquire if ...句型,对打折情况进行询问。结尾对咨询结果表示期待,给人以行文圆满之感。
【高考真题】(2014年高考英语新课标I卷书面表达)
假定你是李华,计划暑假期间去英国学习英语,为期六周。下面的广告引起了你的注意,请给该校写封信,询问有关情况(箭头所指内容)。
注意:1. 词数100左右。2. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。3. 参考词汇:住宿—accommodation
【分析】首先,题目要求里有“询问有关情况”,可知要写的是一封咨询信,可以尝试利用上面范文的写作思路。
表明写信缘由:暑假期间计划去英国学习为期六周的英语课程,需要咨询一下课程。
概括咨询内容:此处可以直接借鉴范文的常用句型。
展开咨询事项:通过分析可知,真题和范文的相同之处在于二者都涉及了size、date、daily hours,所以我们在写作时可以参考范文中的五个疑问句句式。需要注意的是,我们需将daily opening hours改为daily learning hours,虽然题目要求问的是每周的课时数(how many hours of learning per week),但每天的课时数与每周课时数可以换算,而且形式上更加简练。最后的type of accommodation,我们可以发挥想象,比如最便宜的宿舍。此外,大家如果想强调某方面或某几方面,可以套用范文里的I should point out that I hope to ...句型。比如想强调住宿费用要尽可能低,就可以说成:I should point out that I hope to spend as little as possible on accommodation. 句中除了使用了spend ... on ...的结构,还使用了as ... as结构,使行文更加生动,同时避免落入使用the cheapest的俗套。
结尾:借鉴范文中期待回信的经典句型结尾即可。
【成品】
Dear Sir or Madam,
I am planning to attend a six-week English training course in Britain this summer. I am writing this letter to enquire about the following.
First of all, what is the size of the class? Secondly, what are the start dates of the courses and what are the daily learning hours? What about the fees?
I should point out that I hope to spend as little as possible on accommodation, so I would like to enquire if there is any discount available and what the requirements are.
I look forward to your reply.
Yours faithfully,
Li Hua
由此可见,雅思应用文的范文是我们备考高考应用文很有用的学习材料。限于篇幅,其他类型的应用文就不再一一赘述。同学们可以多找些范文,从中学习各类应用文的写作思路,同时积累其中的精彩表达并活学活用,相信一定可以轻松攻克高考英语应用文。
作者简介:
王朔,河北保定一中分校英语教师,有十余年的教学经验,对英语教学和英语考试都有较深的研究。
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