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非谓语动词作宾补要点归纳

时间:2024-06-03

刘军 李秀梅

1.现在分词作宾补

现在分词作宾补时,句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语,该动词与宾语之间存在主谓关系,并且现在分词作宾补强调正在进行的主动动作。可接现在分词作宾补的常见动词有:感官动词(see,watch,observe,look,notice,hear,listen,feel),使役动词(have,get),find,leave,keep,catch等。

I looked up and noticed a snake winding its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.我抬头注意到一条蛇蜿蜒着爬上树去捕捉它的早餐。

He had the light burning all night,which made his parents very angry.他让灯亮了整晚,这使他的父母很生气。

Its wrong to leave the computer working.让电脑一直开着是不对的。

I am sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.对不起,让你久等了。

I found a number of people already working there.我发现很多人已经在那儿工作了。

2.过去分词作宾补

过去分词作宾补时,句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语,该动词与宾语之间存在动宾关系。可接过去分词作宾补的常见动词有:感官动词(see,watch,observe,look,notice,hear,listen,feel),使役动词(have,make,let,get),find,leave,keep等。

When we saw the road blocked with snow,we decided to spend the holiday at home.

当我们看到道路被雪封住后,我们决定在家度过假期。

You should keep me informed of his whereabouts.你应该让我了解他的行踪。

The old found his hometown much changed.这位老人发现他的家乡变化很大。

He left much work unfinished because he was ill.因为生病,他留下许多工作未做。

3.不定式作宾补

(1)常接带to的不定式作宾补的动词(短语):advise,allow,ask,cause,command,encourage,expect,forbid,force,get,invite,leave,order,permit,persuade,prefer,request,warn,wish,call on,depend upon等。

(2)常接不带to的不定式作宾补的动词(短语):help,使役动词(make,have,let),感官动词。如果这些动词或短语用于被动语态,则to不可省略。动词help后的不定式符号to可以省略,也可以保留。

We hurriedly ended the meeting,leaving many problems to be settled.我们匆忙结束了会议,留下很多问题要解决。

4.with+宾语+宾补

(1)with+宾语+doing(表示主动且进行)

(2)with+宾语+done(表示被动且完成)

(3)with+宾语+to do(表示将来)

The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog following them.这老两口常常在晚饭后到公园里散步,他们的宠物狗则在后面跟着。

John received an invitation to dinner,and with his work finished,he gladly accepted it.约翰收到一份邀请函,而且他的工作也干完了,他就欣然接受了邀请。

With a lot of difficult problems to settle,the newly elected president is having a hard time.因为有很多难题要解决,这位新任总统的日子不好过。

易错警示:

1.使役动词have,get后接非谓语动词作补语的异同点:①have sth.done=get sth.done让别人做某事②have sb./sth.doing 让……一直做某事;get sb./sth.doing 使……开始做某事③have sb.do sth.=get sb.to do sth.让某人做某事。注意:have sth.to do表示“有某事要做”(to do作后置定语)。

Alexander tried to get his work recognized in the medical circles.亚历山大尽力使他的工作被医学界认可。

I have a lot of readings to complete before the end of this term.这个学期结束前,我有很多阅读要完成。

2.使役动词(make,have,let 等)及感官动词(see,watch,observe,hear,notice 等)后作宾补的不定式不带to。

例1 Back from his two-year medical service in Africa,Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother good care of at home.

A.taking B.taken C.take D.be taken

解析 本题考查非谓语动词。句意:李博士在非洲进行了两年的医疗服务,回来后,他很高兴地看到他的母亲在家里被照顾得很好。分析句子结构可知,此处是“see+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,宾语补足语可以是 do,doing或者done。 若宾语与补语之间是主动关系,且强调动作发生的全过程,用省略to的动词不定式,即do; 若宾语与补语之间是主动关系,且强调动作正在进行,用doing; 若宾语与补语之间是被动关系,用过去分词作宾补。此处his mother与take good care of之间是被动关系,故选B项。

例2 Listening to music at home is one thing,going to hear it live is quite another.

A.perform B.performing C.to perform D.being performed

解析 本题考查非谓语动词。句意:在家听音乐是一回事,去现场听完全是另一回事。题干中含有“hear+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,宾语it(指代music)与perform之间存在被动关系,且此处表示“去现场听正在被演奏的音乐”,故应用being performed作宾语补足语。故选D项。

例3 Have you seen the boys Little Apple?Thats such a beautiful scene that I dare not have my eyes on it.

A.dancing;fixing B.dance;fixing C.dance;fixed D.to dance;fixed

解析 本题考查非谓语动词。句意:你看见男孩们跳《小苹果》了吗?那是如此“美”的场景,我都不敢看。see sb.do sth.看见某人做某事;have ones eyes fixed on sth.某人的眼凝视在……上。根据句意选C。

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