不定式常见用法例析

王瑾瑾

不定式是非谓语动词的一种，也是我们现阶段英语学习的重点。不定式到底有哪些用法呢？让我们从一些题目中来看一看吧。

用法一：作主语

It？蒺s standard practice for a company like this one a security officer.

A.employed B.being employed C.to employ D.employs

解析 本题考查固定句型：It+be+n+for sb./sth. to do...，考点为不定式作主语，故答案为C。

对不定式作主语的考查，常常以固定句型的形式出现，主要有以下5种句型：

①It+be+名词+to do...

e.g.：It？蒺s our duty to take good care of the old.

②It+be+形容词+for sb.+to do...

e.g.：It is difficult for us to finish the task in an hour.

③It+be+形容词+of sb.+to do...

e.g.：It is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says.

④It takes sb.+some time+to do...

e.g.：How long did it take you to finish the work？

⑤It seems+形容词+to do...

e.g.：It seemed impossible to save money.

只要熟记这些句型，不定式作主语的题目就能迎刃而解了。

用法二：作宾语

1.David threatened his neighbor to the police if the damage were not paid.

A.to be reported B.reporting C.to report D.having reported.

2.Susan wanted to be independent of her parents.She tried alone，but she didn？蒺t like it and moved back home.

A.living B.to live C.to be living D.having lived

解析 1.考查不定式作宾语。threatened的后面只能接不定式作宾语，句中表示“大卫威胁邻居如果损害没有得到赔偿，他将报警”。故答案为C。

考点分析：下列动词后面只能接不定式作宾语：决心学会想希望，设法拒绝愿假装，主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。这一顺口溜对应下列单词：decide/determine，learn，want，hope/wish/expect ，manage，refuse，care，pretend，offer，promise，choose，plan，agree，ask/beg，help。我们记住了这个顺口溜，做题的时候就能事半功倍了。

2.考查不定式和动名词作宾语时的区别。此时要注意区分：try doing 意为“尝试做……”， 而try to do 意为”努力去做…… ”。根据句意“苏珊不想再依靠父母，她尝试独自居住但并不喜欢 ，最后又搬回了家”确定答案为 A。类似的词还有can？蒺t help，go on，mean，forget，remember，regret，stop 及try，要注意他们后面跟动名词和不定式时意义上的区别。

牛刀小试：

1.The boy pretended when his motherentered.

A .reading B.to read C.to be reading D.being read

2.Nervous and anxious ，Jill failed a good impression at the job interview.

A.to have made B.making C.to make D.having made

3.We find it impossible for the work ahead of time.

A.to finish B.finishing C.being finished D.to be finished

4.—What about your adventure in the forest last week？

—Wonderful！I didn？蒺t expect there so many lovely monkeys！

A.to be B.being C.of being D.be

答案 1.C 2.A 3.D 4.A

用法三：作表语

Ladies and gentlemen，please remain until the plane has come to a complete stop.

A.seated B.seating C.to seat D.seat

解析 不定式作表语常考查系动词remain后面的情况。remain作“尚待，留待”讲时，后加“to be done”作表语；remain作“仍然”时，后面加现在分词或过去分词作表语。因此答案为B。

用法四：作定语

1.There are still many problems before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.

A.solving B.solved C.being solved D.to be solved

2.The airport next year will help promote tourism in this area.

A.being completed B.to be completed C.completed D.having been completed

不定式作后置定语时，修饰前面的名词或代词，表示不定式动作尚未发生或将要进行。

解析 1.在there be 结构中，当说话人强调的是必须有人去完成某件事情时，不定式用主动形式；如果说话人强调的是事情本身必须被完成，不定式则用被动形式。本题题意为“在我们准备在月球上长期生活之前，还有很多问题有待于解决。”分析句子结构得知，空处在句中作定语。又根据语境可知此处表示没有发生的事情，应用不定式，又因为solve和problems之间为动宾关系，因此用不定式的被动式，故选择D。

2.分析句子结构得知，空处在句中作定语。又根据语境可知此处表示没有发生的事情，应用不定式，又因为complete和airport之间为动宾关系，因此用不定式的被动式，故选择B。

牛刀小试：

1.The pressure causes Americans to be energetic，but it also puts them under a constant emotional strain.

A.to compete B.to be competed C.competing D.having competed

2.Could you find someone ？

A.for me to play tennis with B.for me to play tennis

C.play tennis with D.playing tennis

3.With a lot of difficult problems ，the newly-elected president is having a hard time.

A.settled B.settling C.to settle D.being settled

答案 1.A 2.A 3.C

用法五：作状语

1.Group activities will be organized after class children develop team spirit.

A.helping B.having helped C.helped D.to help

2. ourselves from the physical and mental tensions，we each need deep thought and inner quietness.

A.Having freed B.Freed C.To free D.Freeing

解析 1.分析句子可知道这里需要目的状语，句意为“为了帮助孩子们培养团队精神，下课后将组织小组活动”。目的状语通常用不定式表示。故选择D。

2.根据题干和句意可知本题考查不定式作目的状语，相对于上一题，本题结构更清晰。句意为“为了让我们从身体和精神的紧张中放松下来，我们都需要深刻的思考和内心的平静。”故选择C。综合这两题，我们得出结论：目的状语通常用动词不定式表示。

牛刀小试：

1.George returned after the war，only that his wife had left him.

A.to be told B.telling C.being told D.told

2.The air is very hard to in Tibet because of the high altitude.

A.breath in B.be breathed in C.breath D.be breathed

答案 1.A 2.C

用法六：作补语

Ⅰ.作宾语补足语

1.I advised him smoking ，but he wouldn？蒺t listen.

A.give up B.to give up C.giving up D.to be given up

2.Whom would you like with you，John or me？

A.go B.have gone C.have go D.to go

解析 这两题考查一些动词后面用动词不定式作宾语补足语的情况。常见的结构为：advise/allow/ask/expect/encourage/get/invite/like/persuade/remind/require/suppose/tell/want/warn/wish/would like/call on/depend on+sb.+（not） to do sth.。故第1题选择B，第2题选择D。

Ⅱ.作主语补足语

1.Passengers are permitted only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.

A.to carry B.carrying C.to be carried D.being carried

2.He is thought foolishly.Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.

A.to act B.to have acted C.acting D.having acted

解析 主语补足语的出现是因为原来含有宾语补足语的句子变成了被动句，因此，原来的宾语就变成了新句子的主语，那么原来的宾语补足语就变成了新句子的主语补足语了。因此，我们做题的时候只要将结构还原成原来的主动句就可以了。

1.分析题目知道句意是“旅客仅被允许携带一件手提行李上飞机”，permit sb. to do sth.结构变成被动为sb.be permitted to do sth.，因此选项为A。

2.本题考查sb./sth. be said/believed/known/supposed/reported/considered/found/thought...+to do sth./to be done/to have done/to have been done，本结构中，用to do表示尚未发生的动作，用to have done表示已经发生的动作。根据句意“他被认为表现得很愚蠢”，表示已经发生了的动作，故选择B。

牛刀小试：

1.They knew her very well.They had seen her up from childhood.

A.grow B.grew C.was growing D.to grow

2.The teacher asked us so much noise.

A.don？蒺t make B.not make C.not making D.not to make

3.My advisor encouraged a summer course to improve my writing skills.

A.for me taking B.me taking C.for me to take D.me to take

4.The flu is believed by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.

A.causing B.being caused C.to be caused D.to have caused

5.—Is Bob still performing？

—I？蒺m afraid not.He is said the stage already as he has become an official.

A.to have left B.to leave C.to have been left D.to be left

答案 1.A 2.D 3.D 4.C 5.A