名词性从句专项讲练

李向阳

名词性从句（Noun Clauses）学习要点：

名词性从句（Noun Clauses），顾名思义，在句子中起名词的作用。它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语，根据它在句子中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

主语从句（The Subject Clause）

主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语。引导主语从句的词有连词that，whether；连接代词who，what，which，whatever，whichever；连接副词when，where，how，why等。

That she was chosen made us very happy.

Whether she will come or not is still a question.

Which team will win the match is still unknown.

How he became a great scientist is known to all of us.

Why he did it wasnt quite clear？

Is what you told me really true？

主语从句放在句首，句子常显得笨重，因此通常把它移到句子后面，主句中用引导词“it”来作形式主语。

Its a pity that she has made such a mistake.

Its strange that he didnt come yesterday.

连接代词who，what，which和连接副词when，where，how，why等引导的主语从句可简化成连接代词或连接副词加不定式的简略形式，有时也可转换为定语从句。

How they can learn English well is a question which often confuses some students.

相当于：How to learn English well is a question which often confuses some students.

What we need is time.

相当于：The thing （which/that） we need is time.

在“Its...that...”的句型中，当表示讲话者明确的建议或表示讲话者“惊讶、惶恐”的语气时，that从句要用“（should） do”的动词形式。例如：

Its necessary that we （should） read English every day.

Its surprising that the girl （should） marry so early.

Its suggested that the road （should） be repaired at once.

宾语从句（The Object Clause）

宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。引导宾语从句的词与引导主语从句的词一致。另外，连词if也可引导宾语从句。在宾语从句中，连词that可以省略。同样，连接代词who，what，which和连接副词when，where，how，why等引导的宾语从句，宾语从句可简化成连接代词或连接副词加不定式的简略形式，有时也可转换为定语从句。简单地说，把主语从句放到宾语从句的位置上，主语从句就演变成宾语从句了。

I hear （that） westerners always have difficulty in learning Chinese.

Could you tell me how I can get to the post-office？

相当于：Could you tell me how to get to the post-office？

We will use what we have to buy you a dress.

相当于：We will use the money （which/that） we have to buy you a dress.

He insisted that he had not stolen the money and that he （should）be set free at once.

表语从句（The Predicative Clause）

表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语，置于连系动词后面。引导表语从句的词有连词that，whether，as if（好像，仿佛）；连接代词who，what，which；连接副词when，where，how，why等。同样，连接代词who，what，which和连接副词when，where，how，why等引导的表语从句，表语从句可简化成连接代词或连接副词加不定式的简略形式。

The question is whether the book is worth reading at all.

That is where he was born.

It seems that all of the students have done their homework.

It looked as if it was going to snow.

The problem is how to prevent the pollution to live happily.

His suggestion is that the road （should） be repaired at once.

连词as if常和look，seem，sound搭配，构成look as if，seem as if，sound as if。as if引导的表语从句如果表示的是事实，就用陈述语气；反之，要用虚拟语气。

The dark clouds are gathering.It looks as if there will be a big storm.

He looked as if he were a spirit in that funny suit.

另外，because也可以引导表语从句。在英语中有“It（This/That） is because...”的句型。例如：

The earth looks blue from space.This is because 70% of the surface is covered by water.

同位语从句（The Appositive Clause）

同位语从句一般跟在名词news，answer，hope，fact，belief，evidence，idea，promise，information，conclusion，order，suggestion，problem，thought，possibility等后面，用来说明名词所表示的具体内容。引导同位语从句的词有连词that；连接副词when，where，how，why等。连接副词when，where，how等引导的同位语从句可简化成连接副词加不定式的简略形式。

I have no idea when she will be back.

She told us her hope that she would become a pianist.

He made a promise that he would never come late.

He always works hard even if he knows the fact that he is in poor health.

They all subscribed to his suggestion that the school （should） be built at once.

that既可引导同位语从句又可引导定语从句，其区别在于：同位语从句由连词that引导，连词that本身无意义，在同位语从句中不充当任何成分，不可省略；定语从句由关系代词that引导，关系代词that在从句中充当一定的成分，作宾语时可省略。由when，why，where引导的同位语从句和定语从句的区别在于：同位语从句中的连接副词只起连接作用，没有指代前面名词的作用；定语从句由关系副词引导，关系副词具有指代先行词的作用，常用一个介词加关系代词替换。

We know the fact that he is a thief.（同位语从句）

He collected the facts that/which prove the earth turns around the sun.（定语从句）

The policeman had to work out the problem how he got so much money.（同位语从句）

Its the problem which/that will be discussed at tomorrows meeting.（定语从句）

名词性从句（Noun Clauses）专项练习

1.The truth is________he doesnt make good use of time in class.

A.why B.what C.that D.which

2.The reason why he was late was________he had taken a wrong bus.

A.because B.whether C.why D.that

3.Einsteins most famous theory is________we call the Theory of Relativity.

A.what B.that C.which D./

4.Please find out when________get to Nanjing.

A.will the train B.would the train C.the train will D.the train would

5.We have plenty of books here.You may take________you like most.

A.which B.whatever C.whichever D.that

答案 CDACC