Abstracts and Key Words of Major Articles

The Annotations of Unpublished Letters from Ding Richang to Pan Zuyin

LI Wen-jun

（Institute of Gugong Studies,The Palace Museum,Beijing 100009）

Abstract:The Palace Museum contains 5 letters from Ding Richang to Pan Zuyin between 1878 and 1881,which have never been publicized.With lively details,these letters are valuable for the enrichment of Ding Richang’s works,for the study of the negotiations between China and Japan around Ryukyu in the early years of Guangxu,and for the understanding of Ding Richang’s highly predictive thought of westernization.

Key words:Ding Richang;Pan Zuyin;Weng Tonghe;Li Hongzhang

The Publication and Dissemination of Tea Books in the Ming Dynasty from the Perspective of Printing

LU Han-yu

（Tea Culture Research Center,Yangtze Civilization Archaeological Research Institute,Wuhan University,Wuhan,Hubei 430072）

Abstract:The Ming Dynasty was the peak period for the creation of tea books.The development of printing technology and the prosperity of book printing in the Ming Dynasty promoted the writing,publication,and dissemination of tea books.During the reign of Jiajing and Wanli,engraving and printing techniques became more sophisticated,with wood and copper movable types widely used.Engraved books with high quality,a large scale,multiple varieties,and a large geographical distribution fostered a reading fashion and became the material and spiritual basis for the flourishing of tea books in the Ming Dynasty.In addition,drinking tea became an important part of life in the Ming Dynasty in diet,medical treatment,social intercourse,and etiquette and customs activities.The production and consumption of tea increased,the skills of tea making and tasting developed,related theory was enriched,and philosophy influenced tea culture,which all contributed to the sudden increase of tea books in the late Ming Dynasty.During this process,publishers and engravers deeply participated in tea-related activities and the writing of tea books,resulting in a multi-level interaction between the writing,dissemination,and printing of tea books with unique cultural phenomena such as a significant increase in the number,frequent innovation in the style,and a wide range of content of tea books.

Key words:printing;tea books of the Ming Dynasty;publication and dissemination;tea culture

The Natural Disasters in Henan in the Tang Dynasty and the Government’s Responses

SUN Yang1,LU Wei2

（1.College of History and Culture,Hunan Normal University,Changsha,Hunan 410081;2.College of History and Culture,Hubei Normal University,Huangshi,Hubei 435002）

Abstract:Henan Dao was an important administrative region in the Tang Dynasty.Because of various factors,severe natural disasters hit this region,which were characterized with a great variety,high frequency,regional imbalance,and strong relevance,and which greatly affected agricultural production,people’s life and social order in Henan Dao.Accordingly the central government of the Tang Dynasty took a series of measures,including storing grains for famine,constructing water conservancy,sending envoys,relieving the victims,transferring food from other regions,reducing taxes and corvee,distributing loans,and providing pensions.

Key words:the Tang Dynasty;Henan Dao;natural disasters;disaster relief measures

On Qin Guan’s Inheritance of Su Shi in His Political Essays

TENG Yu-ping

（Chinese Department of Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510220）

Abstract:Qin Guan won the first course of the imperial examination with his 50 political essays,and received much praise both in his age and in later times.His success was not only due to his own efforts,but also to Su Shi's guidance.According to the essays of Su Shi and Qin Guan,and with reference to Su Shi’s commentaries and later scholars’reviews,it can be found that,in terms of models,both Su Shi and Qin Guan imitated Jia Yi of the Han Dynasty and Lu Zhi of the Tang Dynasty,in terms of argumentation,both were characterized with the renovation of old ideas,the reliance on historical evidence and the use of allusions,in topics,both discuss in depth political issues such as the ideal of benevolent government,the selection of virtuous ministers,the disputes among cronies,and the use of soldiers in the imperial administration,and in style both tend to be literary with less emphasis on practicality.The essays of Su Shi and Qin Guan have an important position in the prose of the Song Dynasty,and the relationship between them and its significance is worth exploring.

Key words:Qin Guan;Su Shi;political essays;literary style;composition

The Integration of Poetry and Ci and the Infinity of Benevolence---On the Artistic Features of Ma Yifu’s Ci

XU Liu-hong

（School of Literature,Nankai University,Tianjin,300071）

Abstract:Ma Yifu’s ci,though few in number,is unique with a tendency towards poetry in terms of techniques.Ma Yifu prefers to use Xiaoling,which is similar to metrical poetry.He also likes to use Zen language in ci but without rhetoric,so his ci is abstruse and unsophisticated in diction.Another feature of Ma Yifu’s ci is allusions to earlier poets and to classics of Confucianism,Buddhism and Taoism,either transformed or directly quoted.His ci is a continuation of his poetry,and the integration of poetry and ci is aimed to restore and demonstrate benevolence.

Key words:Ma Yifu's ci;artistic features;integration of poetry and ci;benevolence

Dong Kang and the Examination and Interpretation of Abstracts of the Sequel of Siku Quanshu:Also on the Distinction Consciousness in His Fictional Concept

LI Shuang,WANG Kai-qi

（School of Humanities,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 200234）

Abstract:As a famous bibliophile in the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China,Dong Kang was a key figure in the compilation of The Sequel of Siku Quanshu.When visiting Japan,he tried his best to collect drama and fiction,but in compiling The Sequel of Siku Quanshu,due to the distinction consciousness in his fictional concept,he proposed to delete traditional novels.Therefore,it is necessary to study the historical reality of his involvement in the compilation of the fiction category in The Sequel of Siku Quanshu.Literature analysis shows that the conclusion Dong Kang participated in the compilation of popular fiction is problematic.And further historical evidence shows that Dong Kang wrote abstracts for 49 works of the Ming literati,but not for fiction.

Key words:Dong Kang;The Sequell of the Siku Quanshu;Shubo Yungtan;popular fiction;fictional concept

Symbols and Images in Thomas Wolfe’s Novels

LIU Ji-yuan

（School of Foreign Languages,Northwest University for Nationalities,Lanzhou,Gansu 730030）

Abstract:Thomas Wolfe uses metaphors in his novels to show the deeper meaning of his characters,American society and history.The stone angels are a metaphor for the lonely souls of mankind,the protagonists’dreams,and a better future as their spiritual sustenance.The various webs represent a variety of abstract objects and states of being.The ubiquitous rocks symbolize solidity and eternity,as well as Christ,firm faith and the power of modern society.Interpreting these symbols and images can not only produce a deeper understanding of the writer’s intention,but also reveal the connotations and values behind the writer’s words.

Key words:Thomas Wolfe;symbols and images;angel;web;rock

Narrative Judgments in Joseph Conrad’s Lord Jim

CHEN Yi-man

（School of Literature,Northwestern University,Xi’an,Shanxi 710127）

Abstract:Joseph Conrad's novel Lord Jim develops around“the wreck of the Patna”and“the Brown incident”.The interpretive judgment of the protagonist and the narrators’different ethical judgment form a dialectical relationship full of tension and vitality with the readers’instinctive pursuit of“certainty”.Conrad obstructs readers’aesthetic expectation through a variety of narrative voices,and at the same time makes them more active in the two-way dialogue with the text.While promoting the narrative process of the novel,Conrad enriches its art form,and merges narrative form,narrative ethics and aesthetic implications.At the same time,the discussion of its narrative judgment in terms of the characters’interpretative judgment,the narrator’s ethical judgment and the reader’s aesthetic judgment provides a clearer interpretative method for James Phelan’s narrative judgment theory.

Key words:interpretive judgments;ethical judgments;aesthetic judgments;uncertainty

Between Structuralism and Deconstruction: Historical Orientation of Northrop Frye’s Holistic Textual Hermeneutics

TANG Zhen

（School of Liberal Arts,Anhui Normal University,Wuhu,Anhui 241000）

Abstract:With his myth-archetypal criticism Northrop Frye pursues the independence of literary criticism.Frye advocates a holistic view of the text based on the text’s multi-level meanings.Therefore,in his view interpretation of the text should also be holistic.Emphasizing the text’s internal structure and textual interpretation’s synchronicity,Frye’s holistic textual hermeneutics shows obvious structuralist characteristics.However,his reader-oriented textual interpretation demonstrates certain deconstructive characteristics.Therefore,Frye’s hermeneutics can be regarded as the mediation between text and reader.In the current context of ontological hermeneutics,Frye’s textual hermeneutics between structuralism and deconstruction provides us with a new way to construct a methodological hermeneutics.

Key words:Northrop Frye;structure;deconstruction;holistic textual hermeneutics

If Žižek Rereads S/Z:“Violence”and“Emptiness”in the Evolution of Aesthetic Forms

PAN Yu-qi,Xie Long-xin

（College of Liberal Art,Shantou University,Shantou,Guangdong 515063）

Abstract:Roland Barthes’s post-structuralist text S/Z reads Balzac’s realistic work“Sarrasine”,rewriting a love story into a castration story.In his reading,Barthes identifies a fear in the sculpture,painting,and text of“Sarrasine”,and develops a“sequence of aesthetic experience”according to the intensity of this feeling with a decrease from sculpture to painting and to text.This sequence is based on the spatial dimension of artistic entities,reflecting traditional artistic concepts’emphasis of the material world.However,modern art despises artistic entities,especially Slavoj Žižek who regards art works as arbitrary objects placed in artistic space,thus eliminating the importance of artistic entities and strengthening their symbolic meaning.Based on the conflict between these two artistic concepts,inspired by“S/Z”and aided by psychoanalysis,this paper reads and rewrites S/Z’s text of artistic aesthetic experience,and finds that the fear brought by the three works comes from violence of different natures.Therefore,according to Žižek’s theory of violence,the paper finds that the sculpture’s“violence of eros”is the least intense,followed by the oil painting’s“violence of male gaze”,and finally the text’s“violence of foreclosure”,which subversively creates a“sequence of aesthetic experience intensity”with an increase from sculpture to oil painting and to text.

Key words:S/Z;rewrite;sequence of aesthetic experience intensity;Žižek;violence