❶典型词语用法诠释

山东 董明义

patient

用作形容词时，意为“有耐心的”，可作表语或定语。表示“对某人有耐心”时，常与介词with连用。例如：

I think I am a quite patient person.我认为我是一个相当有耐心的人。

He is just a small child,so you must be patient with him.他只不过是个小孩子,你应该对他耐心点。

patient还可用作名词，意为“病人”，此时为可数名词。例如：

The patient is much better today.那个病人今天好多了。

look up

look up意为“（在词典或参考书中）查阅（词或资料）”。由“动词+副词”构成的短语动词，其后接的宾语若是代词时，该代词要放在动词与副词中间。例如：

Please look up the new words in a dictionary.请在词典里查一查这些生词。

Look up the time of the next train in the timetable.查一下火车时刻表中下一趟车的时间。

If you don't know a word,you can look it up in a dictionary.如果你有不认识的单词，可以查词典。

pay attention to

pay attention to是固定短语，意为“对……注意；留心”，后面可跟名词或从句等。例如：

We should pay attention to the kids'mental health in the earthquake-struck areas.我们应关注地震灾区儿童的心理健康问题。

Please pay attention to what I am going to say.请注意我下面要说的话。

be born with

be born with是固定短语，意为“天生具有……”。例如：

The kid is born with painting talent.这个小孩子有绘画方面的天赋。

put on

put on是“动词+介词”构成的短语，意为“增加（体重）”。例如：

Jim has put on three kilograms.吉姆体重增加了三公斤。

He didn't want to put on more weight.他不想增加体重。

put on还有“穿上；上演”的意思。例如：

The man put on his smock and went out.那人穿上上衣，走了出去。

They will put on Sister Jiang at the Capital Theatre.他们将在首都剧场演出《江姐》。

dead

dead是形容词，意为“死的；失去生命的”，可作表语或定语。作表语时，与be连用，表示状态。例如：

Her grandfather is dead.他祖父死了。

His dog has been dead for two weeks.他的狗已死了两周了。

The ground was covered with dead flowers.地上覆盖着凋落的花。