时间:2024-07-28
撰写英文摘要注意事项
1.缩短文摘方法
1)语言简洁。应尽量删去不必要的字句:“It is reported”,“Extensive investigation show that”,“The author discusses”,“This paper concerned with”,“based on the analyses conducted”,“on the above basis”,“in detail”,“briefly”,“mainly”,“here”,“in addition”,“in this paper”,等等。
2)尽量简化一些措辞和重复的单元,删繁从简。例如:
2.注意文法和文体风格
1)用过去时态叙述作者工作,用现在时态叙述作者结论。
2)能用名词做定语不要用动名词做定语,能用形容词作定语就不要用名词作定语。例如:
用measurement accuracy,不用measuring accuracy;
用 experimental results,不用experiment results。
3)可直接用名词或名词短语做定语的情况下,要少用of句型,例如:
4)可用动词的情况下尽量避免用动词的名词形式,例如:
用 Thickness of plastic sheet was measured,不用Measurement of thickness of plastic sheet was made.
5)注意冠词用法,不要误用、滥用或随便省略冠词。如果不会引起误解,可数名词尽量用复数。
6)避免使用一长串形容词或名词来修饰名词。可以将这些词分成几个前置短语,用连字符连接名词组,作为单位形容词(一个形容词)。如用the chlorinecontaining propylene-based polymer of high melt index代替 the chlorine containing high melt index propylene based polymer.
7)尽量用主动语态代替被动语态,如“A exceeds B”比“B is exceeded by A”好。
8)尽量用简短、词义清楚并为人熟知的词。技术名词和专业用语必须谨慎推敲,保证准确无误。
9)语言要简练,但不得使用电报型语言。
如 Adsorption nitrobenzene on copperchromite investigation.应为 Adsorption of nitrobenzene on copper chromite was investigated.
10)组织好句子,使动词尽量靠近主语,例如:
用 When the pigment was dissolved in dioxane,decolorization was irreversible after 10 h of UV irradiation.
不用The decolorization in solutions of the pigment in dioxane,which were exposed to 10 h of UV irradiation,was no longer irreversible.
11)用重要的事实开头,尽可能避免用辅助从句开头,如:
用Power consumption of telephone switching systems was determined from data obtained experimentally.
不用 From dataobtained experimentally,power consumption of telephone switching systems was determined.
12)文摘词语拼写,用英美拼法都可以,但在每篇文章中须保持一致。
13)注意中英文不同的表达方法。不要简单地逐字直译。例如,不要将“because”放在句首表达“因为”这一概念,“because”表示原因用在文摘中语气过强。不要用“XX are analyzed and studied(discussed)”直译“分析研究(讨论)”这一中文概念。用“XX are analyzed”就可以。尽量不要使用“not only…but also”直译中文“不但…而且”这一概念,用“and”就行。
摘编自《铁道学报》
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