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初中英语语法填空题题型分析及解题策略

时间:2024-08-31

【摘要】2015年台州市英语中考新增语法填空题型,成为考试的重要难点之一。语法填空题型可以检测出学生综合英语素质能力水平。因此,如何攻克语法填空这一难点,指导学生掌握一定的解题技巧和方法,成了本文主要探讨的内容。

【关键词】初中英语;语法填空;解题策略

【作者简介】郑凤娟,台州初级中学。

语法填空题型是从语法的角度对短文部分进行适当的分散性挖空,考查方式包括提示性填空、自由填空等。语法填空题型的出现,将过去以句子为核心的语法单项选择变成以语篇为核心的语法填空。这一改变体现了新课改将英语重点由语法知识转变到语法技能,以及当下英语改革的趋势:突出语篇,强调语篇在英语能力和应用中的重要性。

面对题型的变化,明确题型的特点和解题策略显得格外重要。笔者通过分析2015~2018年台州市中考英语语法填空题的命题特点,结合自己的教学经验,做出如下归纳:

一、台州市中考英语近四年语法填空题的图表分析

1.2015~2018年台州市中考英语语法填空题测试项目统计(见表一)。

从表1可以看出,语法填空题常考的实词(给出提示词)是动词、名词、形容词和代词;常考的虚词有(无提示词)是介词、冠词和连词,个别代词如it , either 也是作虚词进行考查。

2. 2015~2018年台州市中考英语语法填空各小题命题特点分析(见表2)

根据表2可知,时态、非谓语动词是必考题;词性转换也是必考题,其中包括名词转形容词、形容词转副词;名词单复数及所有格也是必考题。

二、语篇型语法填空题解题技巧

1.解题步骤。学生在做语法填空题的时,应遵循如下解题步骤:(1)要通篇阅读,掌握文章的主旨大意和内容。(2)把10个填空题按其有无提示词分成两大类。(3)分析句子结构,判断空白处填入的詞的词性、时态、语态。(4)重读全文,排除误漏。

2.有提示词填空题的常考点。有提示词通常考查动词、名词、形容词和代词。笔者根据自己的教学经验,结合近四年台州市英语中考语法填空考点分析表,设计了以下有提示词填空题思维导图,可以让学生更好地掌握语法填空题的解题技巧。

思维导图1:有提示词填空题

下面我们以台州市2017年英语中考语法填空题为例,结合思维导图1,对该试题中的有提示词填空题进行分析。

Two?simple?words?“thank?you”?have?made?a?big?difference?to?thousands?of?fireman?in?New?York?City.

Savannah?is?61_________?girl?from?Texas.?“ I was trying to think?62_________I could help them out.” she says, After hearing about sacrifice made by fireman, she ?63_________ (move) by the risks they face. ?64_________Savannah made 200 thank-you cards for them to show how much I care about them.

“I told the firemen thank you,” Savannah recalls. “They are always there to help you.”

Savannah decided 65_________ (keep) making cards. For the next seven months, she woke up early to paint and color and cut. In that time, she 66_________ (send) 1,600 cards with bite-sized candy while meeting her 67_________ (hero). Soon, fire station started thanking her.

Once too shy to give a speech at school. 68_________is easy now for Savannah to speak regularly to fireman and school students. She is quite different 69_________what she used to be.

“She is saying how 70_________ (thank) she is for them!” Savannah’s mom, Debbie says. “Savannah sees that stepping out and doing something can really make a difference.”

这篇文章中63、65、66、67、70等5个题为有提示词。其中 63、65、66题提示词为动词,其中一个必填非谓语动词,65题前面已经有谓语动词,所以65题必须填 to keep,63和66题句子缺谓语,通常情况下,一个使用主动语态,另一个使用被动语态。根据谓语动词与主语的关系,我们就可以确定63题填 was moved, 66题填 sent。67、70题提示词为名词,67题名词后面没有另一个名词,所以我们可以确定应该填写该名词的复数形式heroes。70题所在句子为感叹句,how 后面要接形容词或副词,名词一般情况下不直接转换成副词,所以这里填的应是形容词thankful。

3.无提示词填空题的常考点。

无提示词通常考查介词、冠词、连词或部分代词。

思维导图2:无提示词填空题

我们以台州市2018年英语中考语法填空题为例,结合思维导图2进行解题技巧指导。

At the end of the term, our ethic professor gave us a test. He had told us 61_______ (expect) one and had warned us it would be included in the final grade.

The test began Sure enough, I was 62_______ confident that I finished all the questions after forty 63_______ (minute) except the very last one. What is the name of the woman who cleans the lecture hall?

I thought it was 64_______ joke. I’d seen the woman many times. She had been working in the building for at least a year. She is short 65_______black hair. We’d even smiled at each other once or twice.  But I didn’t know 66_______ (she) name because I’d never thought to ask her. I handed in my test and the last question 67_______ (leave) unanswered- hoping the final result wouldn’t be influenced too 68_______ (bad) because of it. But then one student put up his hand. He hadn’t finished the test 69_______. “ I am just wondering,” he said. “ Will it really change my grade if I don’t complete the question?”

“Certainly,” our professor 70_______ (smile) “ In our future job.”

I’ve never forgotten that lesson. I also learned that the cleaner’s name is Sherry.

這篇文章的62、64、65、69题无提示词。62题句中有连词that, 根据固定搭配,应填so。64题后面是一个名词,应该考虑填入冠词,根据上下文,此处冠词有表示不确定的“某一个,有一个”的意思,所以应该填不定冠词a。排除了冠词和连词,65题应该从介词这个方向去考虑,填入介词with。69题稍有难度,我们根据上下文的意思判断填入符合句意的词either。

三、结语

语篇型语法填空题可体现出学生英语素质的综合水平,因此,针对这个新题型,我们应当在教学过程中对学生加强英语语法句式的训练,适度改编课文内容来巩固语法知识,并通过大量练习和策略指导让学生更好地掌握这一题型的解题技巧,促使学生英语综合素质再上一个台阶。

参考文献:

[1]赵莉.高考英语语法填空正确率低的成因及控制策略[J].西部素质教育,2016,09:168.

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